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Warren Earl Burger (September 17, 1907 – June 25, 1995) was the 15th chief justice of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1986. Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Burger graduated from the St. Paul College of Law in 1931. He helped secure the Minnesota delegation's support for Dwight D. Eisenhower at the 1952 Republican National Convention. After Eisenhower won the 1952 presidential election, he appointed Burger to the position of Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Civil Division. In 1956, Eisenhower appointed Burger to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Burger served on this court until 1969 and became known as a critic of the Warren Court.
In 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Burger to succeed Chief Justice Earl Warren, and Burger won Senate confirmation. He did not emerge as a strong intellectual force on the court, but sought to improve the administration of the federal judiciary. He also helped establish the National Center for State Courts and the Supreme Court Historical Society. Burger remained on the court until his retirement in 1986, when he became Chairman of the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. He was succeeded as chief justice by William H. Rehnquist, who had served as an associate justice since 1971.
In 1974, Burger wrote for a unanimous court in United States v. Nixon, which rejected Nixon's invocation of executive privilege in the wake of the Watergate scandal. The ruling played a major role in Nixon's resignation. Burger joined the majority in Roe v. Wade in holding that the right to privacy prohibited states from banning abortions. He later abandoned Roe v. Wade in Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. His majority opinion in INS v. Chadha struck down the one-house legislative veto.
Although Burger was perceived as a conservative,[1] and the Burger Court delivered numerous conservative decisions, the Burger Court also delivered some liberal decisions regarding abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation[2] during his tenure.[3]
In 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Burger to succeed Chief Justice Earl Warren, and Burger won Senate confirmation. He did not emerge as a strong intellectual force on the court, but sought to improve the administration of the federal judiciary. He also helped establish the National Center for State Courts and the Supreme Court Historical Society. Burger remained on the court until his retirement in 1986, when he became Chairman of the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution. He was succeeded as chief justice by William H. Rehnquist, who had served as an associate justice since 1971.
In 1974, Burger wrote for a unanimous court in United States v. Nixon, which rejected Nixon's invocation of executive privilege in the wake of the Watergate scandal. The ruling played a major role in Nixon's resignation. Burger joined the majority in Roe v. Wade in holding that the right to privacy prohibited states from banning abortions. He later abandoned Roe v. Wade in Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. His majority opinion in INS v. Chadha struck down the one-house legislative veto.
Although Burger was perceived as a conservative,[1] and the Burger Court delivered numerous conservative decisions, the Burger Court also delivered some liberal decisions regarding abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation[2] during his tenure.[3]
Warren E. Burger - Wikipedia
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"The Burger Years" - CBS News Special with Bill Moyers (1986)
From the New York Times review: "WARREN E. BURGER, Chief Justice of the United States, can be seen tonight with Bill Moyers. Never before, apparently, has a ...
Thank you my friend Maj Marty Hogan for making us aware that September 17 is the anniversary of the birth of Mutual Life Insurance salesman who later graduated magna cum laude from St. Paul College of Law in 1931 Warren Earl Burger. He became a key player in Minnesota’s Republican Party, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Burger Assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Civil Division in 1953, and nominated him to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1955. During his 13-year tenure with the U.S. Court of Appeals, he gained a reputation as a “law-and-order” judge. Ultimately President Nixon, who appointed Burger as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1969.
Rest in peace Warren Earl Burger.
"The Burger Years" - CBS News Special with Bill Moyers (1986)
"From the New York Times review: "WARREN E. BURGER, Chief Justice of the United States, can be seen tonight with Bill Moyers. Never before, apparently, has a Chief Justice been interviewed at such length, and never before, certainly, has a Chief Justice been interviewed in the Supreme Court in front of a television camera. That, however, is only a footnote; the question is, what does Chief Justice Burger say? In fact, he doesn't say much, and this, in a way, is reassuring."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hy4s4RWWAxI
Images:
1. Retired Chief Justice of the United States Warren Burger in 1991.
2. Warren E. Burger (1920).
3. Mrs. Burger, Warren E. Burger (the President's nominee for Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court) and President Nixon at the announcement of Burger's nomination. Date - May 21, 1969.
4. Official portrait of Chief Justice of the United States Warren E. Burger in 1971.jpg
Background from oyez.org/justices/warren_e_burger
"Chief Justice Warren Burger rose from humble midwestern roots to become one of the longest serving Chief Justices in the Court’s history. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota in 1907. The youngest of seven children, Burger grew up in a working class family. The large family struggled to make ends meet, and at only nine years old Burger was already helping with their finances by delivering newspapers. Burger attended John A. Johnson High School, where he participated in numerous sports and was president of the student council. Young Burger also wrote articles about high school sports for a local newspaper before graduating in 1925.
After high school, Burger put himself through night school at the University of Minnesota by selling insurance for Mutual Life Insurance. Afterward, he enrolled at St. Paul College of Law (known today as Mitchell Hamline School of Law), and graduated magna cum laude in 1931. From there Burger joined a prominent St. Paul law firm and taught night classes at his alma mater. In 1933, Burger married Elvera Stormberg, a former classmate from the University of Minnesota. Together they had two children.
Burger soon became a key player in Minnesota’s Republican Party, with an active role in the gubernatorial campaigns of Harold Stassen in 1938, 1940, and 1942. In 1952, Burger threw his weight behind presidential nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower by swaying the Minnesota delegation in his favor at the Republican National Convention. Eisenhower showed his gratitude by appointing Burger Assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Civil Division in 1953, and nominating him to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1955. During his 13-year tenure with the U.S. Court of Appeals, he gained a reputation as a “law-and-order” judge, with a starkly conservative stance on the rights of the accused. He publicly criticized the Fifth Amendment, and voiced his concerns that the Supreme Court had overreached in its protection of the accused. It was this reputation, and his connections in the Republic Party, which attracted the attention of President Nixon, who appointed Burger as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1969. He experienced virtually no opposition, and his appointment was soon confirmed by the Senate in a 74-3 vote. Burger’s predecessor, Chief Justice Earl Warren, presided over one of the most liberal Supreme Courts in U.S. history. Nixon appointed Burger in the hope that his deference to “law and order” would reign in what many conservatives saw as liberal judicial activism.
Although Burger was a lifelong Republican, many of the landmark decisions issued during his tenure represented clear liberal victories. For example, In Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education (1971), the Court issued a unanimous ruling supporting busing as a pragmatic approach to reduce de facto racial segregation in schools. However, Burger’s conservatism can be seen in opinions such as his concurring opinion in Bowers v. Hardwick (1986), which upheld a Georgia law criminalizing sodomy.
When Burger retired in September of 1986, he was the longest serving Chief Justice of the 20th century. He was also a fundamental proponent of Alternative Dispute Resolution, citing its ability to alleviate an overburdened judicial system. By the time of his death in 1994, Burger had been awarded the James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service by the American Whig-Cliosophic Society of Princeton, the United States Military Academy’s Sylvanus Thayer Award and the Presidential Medal of Freedom."
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Rest in peace Warren Earl Burger.
"The Burger Years" - CBS News Special with Bill Moyers (1986)
"From the New York Times review: "WARREN E. BURGER, Chief Justice of the United States, can be seen tonight with Bill Moyers. Never before, apparently, has a Chief Justice been interviewed at such length, and never before, certainly, has a Chief Justice been interviewed in the Supreme Court in front of a television camera. That, however, is only a footnote; the question is, what does Chief Justice Burger say? In fact, he doesn't say much, and this, in a way, is reassuring."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hy4s4RWWAxI
Images:
1. Retired Chief Justice of the United States Warren Burger in 1991.
2. Warren E. Burger (1920).
3. Mrs. Burger, Warren E. Burger (the President's nominee for Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court) and President Nixon at the announcement of Burger's nomination. Date - May 21, 1969.
4. Official portrait of Chief Justice of the United States Warren E. Burger in 1971.jpg
Background from oyez.org/justices/warren_e_burger
"Chief Justice Warren Burger rose from humble midwestern roots to become one of the longest serving Chief Justices in the Court’s history. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota in 1907. The youngest of seven children, Burger grew up in a working class family. The large family struggled to make ends meet, and at only nine years old Burger was already helping with their finances by delivering newspapers. Burger attended John A. Johnson High School, where he participated in numerous sports and was president of the student council. Young Burger also wrote articles about high school sports for a local newspaper before graduating in 1925.
After high school, Burger put himself through night school at the University of Minnesota by selling insurance for Mutual Life Insurance. Afterward, he enrolled at St. Paul College of Law (known today as Mitchell Hamline School of Law), and graduated magna cum laude in 1931. From there Burger joined a prominent St. Paul law firm and taught night classes at his alma mater. In 1933, Burger married Elvera Stormberg, a former classmate from the University of Minnesota. Together they had two children.
Burger soon became a key player in Minnesota’s Republican Party, with an active role in the gubernatorial campaigns of Harold Stassen in 1938, 1940, and 1942. In 1952, Burger threw his weight behind presidential nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower by swaying the Minnesota delegation in his favor at the Republican National Convention. Eisenhower showed his gratitude by appointing Burger Assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Civil Division in 1953, and nominating him to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1955. During his 13-year tenure with the U.S. Court of Appeals, he gained a reputation as a “law-and-order” judge, with a starkly conservative stance on the rights of the accused. He publicly criticized the Fifth Amendment, and voiced his concerns that the Supreme Court had overreached in its protection of the accused. It was this reputation, and his connections in the Republic Party, which attracted the attention of President Nixon, who appointed Burger as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1969. He experienced virtually no opposition, and his appointment was soon confirmed by the Senate in a 74-3 vote. Burger’s predecessor, Chief Justice Earl Warren, presided over one of the most liberal Supreme Courts in U.S. history. Nixon appointed Burger in the hope that his deference to “law and order” would reign in what many conservatives saw as liberal judicial activism.
Although Burger was a lifelong Republican, many of the landmark decisions issued during his tenure represented clear liberal victories. For example, In Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education (1971), the Court issued a unanimous ruling supporting busing as a pragmatic approach to reduce de facto racial segregation in schools. However, Burger’s conservatism can be seen in opinions such as his concurring opinion in Bowers v. Hardwick (1986), which upheld a Georgia law criminalizing sodomy.
When Burger retired in September of 1986, he was the longest serving Chief Justice of the 20th century. He was also a fundamental proponent of Alternative Dispute Resolution, citing its ability to alleviate an overburdened judicial system. By the time of his death in 1994, Burger had been awarded the James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service by the American Whig-Cliosophic Society of Princeton, the United States Military Academy’s Sylvanus Thayer Award and the Presidential Medal of Freedom."
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