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On October 22, 1797, Andre-Jacques Garnerin made the first parachute descent in Paris (from a balloon). From the article:
"First parachute jump is made over Paris
The first parachute jump of note is made by André-Jacques Garnerin from a hydrogen balloon 3,200 feet above Paris.
Leonardo da Vinci conceived the idea of the parachute in his writings, and the Frenchman Louis-Sebastien Lenormand fashioned a kind of parachute out of two umbrellas and jumped from a tree in 1783, but André-Jacques Garnerin was the first to design and test parachutes capable of slowing a man’s fall from a high altitude.
Garnerin first conceived of the possibility of using air resistance to slow an individual’s fall from a high altitude while a prisoner during the French Revolution. Although he never employed a parachute to escape from the high ramparts of the Hungarian prison where he spent three years, Garnerin never lost interest in the concept of the parachute. In 1797, he completed his first parachute, a canopy 23 feet in diameter and attached to a basket with suspension lines.
On October 22, 1797, Garnerin attached the parachute to a hydrogen balloon and ascended to an altitude of 3,200 feet. He then clambered into the basket and severed the parachute from the balloon. As he failed to include an air vent at the top of the prototype, Garnerin oscillated wildly in his descent, but he landed shaken but unhurt half a mile from the balloon’s takeoff site. In 1799, Garnerin’s wife, Jeanne-Genevieve, became the first female parachutist. In 1802, Garnerin made a spectacular jump from 8,000 feet during an exhibition in England. He died in a balloon accident in 1823 while preparing to test a new parachute."
"First parachute jump is made over Paris
The first parachute jump of note is made by André-Jacques Garnerin from a hydrogen balloon 3,200 feet above Paris.
Leonardo da Vinci conceived the idea of the parachute in his writings, and the Frenchman Louis-Sebastien Lenormand fashioned a kind of parachute out of two umbrellas and jumped from a tree in 1783, but André-Jacques Garnerin was the first to design and test parachutes capable of slowing a man’s fall from a high altitude.
Garnerin first conceived of the possibility of using air resistance to slow an individual’s fall from a high altitude while a prisoner during the French Revolution. Although he never employed a parachute to escape from the high ramparts of the Hungarian prison where he spent three years, Garnerin never lost interest in the concept of the parachute. In 1797, he completed his first parachute, a canopy 23 feet in diameter and attached to a basket with suspension lines.
On October 22, 1797, Garnerin attached the parachute to a hydrogen balloon and ascended to an altitude of 3,200 feet. He then clambered into the basket and severed the parachute from the balloon. As he failed to include an air vent at the top of the prototype, Garnerin oscillated wildly in his descent, but he landed shaken but unhurt half a mile from the balloon’s takeoff site. In 1799, Garnerin’s wife, Jeanne-Genevieve, became the first female parachutist. In 1802, Garnerin made a spectacular jump from 8,000 feet during an exhibition in England. He died in a balloon accident in 1823 while preparing to test a new parachute."
First parachute jump is made over Paris
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22nd October 1797: The first high altitude parachute descent
Garnerin had a background in physics and, following a period of time studying under the balloon pioneer Jacques Charles, became a keen proponent of the use o...
Thank you, my friend SGT (Join to see) for making us aware that on October 22, 1797, Andre-Jacques Garnerin made the first parachute descent in Paris from a balloon.
"André Garnerin died in a construction accident when he was hit by a wooden beam while making a balloon in Paris on 18 August 1823."
22nd October 1797: The first high altitude parachute descent
"Garnerin had a background in physics and, following a period of time studying under the balloon pioneer Jacques Charles, became a keen proponent of the use of balloons by the military during the French Revolutionary Wars. Although he was captured by the British and imprisoned, on his release Garnerin resumed his interest in balloons. He soon began practical experiments with rigid frame parachutes which had been successfully demonstrated by fellow Frenchman Louis-Sébastien Lenormand in 1783.
Lenormand had demonstrated his device by jumping from the tower of the observatory in Montpellier, and only ever intended his parachute to help people escape from burning buildings. While being held as a prisoner of war Garnerin adapted Lenormand’s idea to devise a parachute that could help a military balloonist evade capture.
On 22 October 1797 Garnerin attached his parachute beneath a balloon that he launched from Parc Monceau in Paris. The device was closed like an umbrella as it ascended, and Garnerin rode in a basket underneath. When the balloon reached an altitude of approximately 3,000 feet or 1,000 metres he detached the parachute from the balloon.
As the balloon, free of its load, accelerated upwards the parachute and its passenger began to fall but within just a few seconds the canopy expanded. Although the parachute did succeed in slowing the decent, the lack of a vent in the material caused violent oscillations that almost threw the inventor from the basket. He landed safely to a hero’s welcome, however, and was later appointed the Official Aeronaut of France.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Moqc5jJcJ-Q
Images:
1. Andrew Garnerin.
2. A view of Mons Gaernerin's Balloon and Parachute.
3. Andrew Garnerin with balloon
Background from .learning-history.com/andre-jacques-garnerin-french-balloonist/
André-Jacques Garnerin: French Balloonist
André-Jacques Garnerin (31 January 1769 – 18 August 1823) was a French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. He was appointed Official Aeronaut of France.
Biography
Garnerin was born in Paris. He was captured by British troops during the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars 1792–1797, turned over to the Austrians and held as a prisoner of war in Buda in Hungary for three years.
Ballooning
André Garnerin, a student of the ballooning pioneer professor Jacques Charles, was involved with the flight of hot air balloons and worked with his older brother Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849) in most of his ballooning activities.
Eventually, he was appointed Official Aeronaut of France.
André Garnerin began experiments with early parachutes based on umbrella-shaped devices and carried out the first frameless parachute descent (in the gondola) with a silk parachute on 22 October 1797 at Parc Monceau, Paris (1st Brumaire, Year VI of the Republican calendar).
Garnerin’s first parachute was made of white canvas with a diameter of approximately 23 feet (7 m).
The umbrella was closed before he ascended, with a pole running down its center and a rope running through a tube in the pole, which connected it to the balloon.
André Garnerin rode in a basket attached to the bottom of the parachute; at a height of approximately 3,000 feet (1,000 m), he severed the rope that connected his parachute to the balloon.
The balloon continued skyward while Garnerin, with his basket and parachute, fell. The basket swung violently during descent, then bumped and scraped when it landed, but Garnerin emerged uninjured.
Garnerin went on to stage regular tests and demonstrations at Parc Monceau, Paris, on 22 October 1797, which became a cause célèbre when he announced in 1798 that his next flight would include a woman as a passenger.
Although the public and press were in favor, he was forced to appear in front of officials of the Central Bureau of Police to justify his project.
They were concerned about the effect that reduced air pressure might have on the organs of the delicate female body and loss of consciousness, plus the moral implications of flying in such close proximity.
Unsatisfied with Garnerin’s responses, the police issued an injunction against him, forbidding the ascent on the grounds that the young woman was committing herself to the venture without any idea of the possible outcome.
After further consultation with both the Minister of the Interior and the Minister of the Police the injunction was overturned on the grounds that “there was no more scandal in seeing two people of different gender ascend in a balloon than it is to see them jump into a carriage.”
They also agreed that the decision of the woman showed proof of her confidence in the experiment and a degree of personal intrepidity.
Citoyenne Henri had already been chosen, so when the ban was lifted Garnerin was ready to proceed. He advertised the ascent in L’Ami des Lois (a Parisian newspaper published from 1795–1798) :
The young Citoyenne who will accompany me is delighted to see the day approach for the journey. I shall ascend with her from the Parc Monceau, sometime during the next ten days.
On 8 July 1798, a large number of spectators gathered in the Parc Monceau to witness the ascent.
By all accounts, Citoyenne Henri was young and beautiful, and she and Garnerin took several turns around the park to the applause of the crowd before she was assisted into the basket of the balloon by the astronomer, Jérôme Lalande.
The balloon trip passed without incident and the journey ended at Goussainville about 30 kilometers (19 mi) to the north of Paris.
Touring England
André-Jacques held the position of Official Aeronaut of France, so with his wife Jeanne Geneviève he visited England in 1802 during the Peace of Amiens and the couple completed a number of demonstration flights.
In the evening of 21 September 1802, André-Jacques ascended in his hydrogen balloon from the Volunteer Ground in North Audley Street, Grosvenor Square and made a parachute descent to a field near St Pancras. This gave rise to the English popular ballad:
Bold Garnerin went up
Which increased his Repute
And came safe to earth
In his Grand Parachute.
He also made his second English balloon ascent with Edward Hawke Locker on 5 July 1802 from Lord’s Cricket Ground, traveling the 17 miles (27.4 km) from there to Chingford in just over 15 minutes and carrying a letter of introduction signed by the Prince Regent to give to anyone should he crash land.
However, when the war between France and Great Britain resumed they were forced to pack up and return to the continent where, on 3–4 October 1803, he covered a distance of 245 miles (395 km) between Paris and Clausen, Germany, with his balloon.
Family
In most of his ballooning activities, Garnerin worked with his older brother Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849).
Jeanne Garnerin
His student Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse, who later became his wife, was both a balloonist and the first female parachutist.
Labrosse first flew on 10 November 1798, one of the earliest women to fly in a balloon, and on 12 October 1799, Labrosse was the first woman to parachute, from an altitude of 900 meters.
Elisa Garnerin
His niece Elisa Garnerin, (born 1791), learned to fly balloons at age 15 and made 39 professional parachute descents from 1815 to 1836 in Italy, Spain, Russia, Germany, and France.
Death
André Garnerin died in a construction accident when he was hit by a wooden beam while making a balloon in Paris on 18 August 1823."
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"André Garnerin died in a construction accident when he was hit by a wooden beam while making a balloon in Paris on 18 August 1823."
22nd October 1797: The first high altitude parachute descent
"Garnerin had a background in physics and, following a period of time studying under the balloon pioneer Jacques Charles, became a keen proponent of the use of balloons by the military during the French Revolutionary Wars. Although he was captured by the British and imprisoned, on his release Garnerin resumed his interest in balloons. He soon began practical experiments with rigid frame parachutes which had been successfully demonstrated by fellow Frenchman Louis-Sébastien Lenormand in 1783.
Lenormand had demonstrated his device by jumping from the tower of the observatory in Montpellier, and only ever intended his parachute to help people escape from burning buildings. While being held as a prisoner of war Garnerin adapted Lenormand’s idea to devise a parachute that could help a military balloonist evade capture.
On 22 October 1797 Garnerin attached his parachute beneath a balloon that he launched from Parc Monceau in Paris. The device was closed like an umbrella as it ascended, and Garnerin rode in a basket underneath. When the balloon reached an altitude of approximately 3,000 feet or 1,000 metres he detached the parachute from the balloon.
As the balloon, free of its load, accelerated upwards the parachute and its passenger began to fall but within just a few seconds the canopy expanded. Although the parachute did succeed in slowing the decent, the lack of a vent in the material caused violent oscillations that almost threw the inventor from the basket. He landed safely to a hero’s welcome, however, and was later appointed the Official Aeronaut of France.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Moqc5jJcJ-Q
Images:
1. Andrew Garnerin.
2. A view of Mons Gaernerin's Balloon and Parachute.
3. Andrew Garnerin with balloon
Background from .learning-history.com/andre-jacques-garnerin-french-balloonist/
André-Jacques Garnerin: French Balloonist
André-Jacques Garnerin (31 January 1769 – 18 August 1823) was a French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. He was appointed Official Aeronaut of France.
Biography
Garnerin was born in Paris. He was captured by British troops during the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars 1792–1797, turned over to the Austrians and held as a prisoner of war in Buda in Hungary for three years.
Ballooning
André Garnerin, a student of the ballooning pioneer professor Jacques Charles, was involved with the flight of hot air balloons and worked with his older brother Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849) in most of his ballooning activities.
Eventually, he was appointed Official Aeronaut of France.
André Garnerin began experiments with early parachutes based on umbrella-shaped devices and carried out the first frameless parachute descent (in the gondola) with a silk parachute on 22 October 1797 at Parc Monceau, Paris (1st Brumaire, Year VI of the Republican calendar).
Garnerin’s first parachute was made of white canvas with a diameter of approximately 23 feet (7 m).
The umbrella was closed before he ascended, with a pole running down its center and a rope running through a tube in the pole, which connected it to the balloon.
André Garnerin rode in a basket attached to the bottom of the parachute; at a height of approximately 3,000 feet (1,000 m), he severed the rope that connected his parachute to the balloon.
The balloon continued skyward while Garnerin, with his basket and parachute, fell. The basket swung violently during descent, then bumped and scraped when it landed, but Garnerin emerged uninjured.
Garnerin went on to stage regular tests and demonstrations at Parc Monceau, Paris, on 22 October 1797, which became a cause célèbre when he announced in 1798 that his next flight would include a woman as a passenger.
Although the public and press were in favor, he was forced to appear in front of officials of the Central Bureau of Police to justify his project.
They were concerned about the effect that reduced air pressure might have on the organs of the delicate female body and loss of consciousness, plus the moral implications of flying in such close proximity.
Unsatisfied with Garnerin’s responses, the police issued an injunction against him, forbidding the ascent on the grounds that the young woman was committing herself to the venture without any idea of the possible outcome.
After further consultation with both the Minister of the Interior and the Minister of the Police the injunction was overturned on the grounds that “there was no more scandal in seeing two people of different gender ascend in a balloon than it is to see them jump into a carriage.”
They also agreed that the decision of the woman showed proof of her confidence in the experiment and a degree of personal intrepidity.
Citoyenne Henri had already been chosen, so when the ban was lifted Garnerin was ready to proceed. He advertised the ascent in L’Ami des Lois (a Parisian newspaper published from 1795–1798) :
The young Citoyenne who will accompany me is delighted to see the day approach for the journey. I shall ascend with her from the Parc Monceau, sometime during the next ten days.
On 8 July 1798, a large number of spectators gathered in the Parc Monceau to witness the ascent.
By all accounts, Citoyenne Henri was young and beautiful, and she and Garnerin took several turns around the park to the applause of the crowd before she was assisted into the basket of the balloon by the astronomer, Jérôme Lalande.
The balloon trip passed without incident and the journey ended at Goussainville about 30 kilometers (19 mi) to the north of Paris.
Touring England
André-Jacques held the position of Official Aeronaut of France, so with his wife Jeanne Geneviève he visited England in 1802 during the Peace of Amiens and the couple completed a number of demonstration flights.
In the evening of 21 September 1802, André-Jacques ascended in his hydrogen balloon from the Volunteer Ground in North Audley Street, Grosvenor Square and made a parachute descent to a field near St Pancras. This gave rise to the English popular ballad:
Bold Garnerin went up
Which increased his Repute
And came safe to earth
In his Grand Parachute.
He also made his second English balloon ascent with Edward Hawke Locker on 5 July 1802 from Lord’s Cricket Ground, traveling the 17 miles (27.4 km) from there to Chingford in just over 15 minutes and carrying a letter of introduction signed by the Prince Regent to give to anyone should he crash land.
However, when the war between France and Great Britain resumed they were forced to pack up and return to the continent where, on 3–4 October 1803, he covered a distance of 245 miles (395 km) between Paris and Clausen, Germany, with his balloon.
Family
In most of his ballooning activities, Garnerin worked with his older brother Jean-Baptiste-Olivier Garnerin (1766–1849).
Jeanne Garnerin
His student Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse, who later became his wife, was both a balloonist and the first female parachutist.
Labrosse first flew on 10 November 1798, one of the earliest women to fly in a balloon, and on 12 October 1799, Labrosse was the first woman to parachute, from an altitude of 900 meters.
Elisa Garnerin
His niece Elisa Garnerin, (born 1791), learned to fly balloons at age 15 and made 39 professional parachute descents from 1815 to 1836 in Italy, Spain, Russia, Germany, and France.
Death
André Garnerin died in a construction accident when he was hit by a wooden beam while making a balloon in Paris on 18 August 1823."
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Sgt (Join to see)SFC (Join to see)CWO3 Dave Alcantara
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