John C. Pemberton - Wikipedia

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Thank you for the great biography share sir.

Thank you, my friend Maj Marty Hogan for making us aware that August 10 is the anniversary of the birth of career United States Army officer who fought in the Seminole Wars and with distinction during the Mexican–American War John Clifford Pemberton.
From USMA, Register of Graduates; John Clifford Pemberton graduated from USMA, West Point in the class of 1837 as graduate #917 on July 1, 1937. [for comparison I am graduate #37,403] His classmates include CSA Jubal A Early [graduate #980], and USA John Sedgewick [graduate #914 [Gettysburg] ]USA Joseph Hooker [graduate # 917] and other lesser known general officer of the Civil War.
John Clifford Pemberton was commissioned as a field artillery officer. After serving in the Seminole Indian War in Florida sometime after graduation in 1837 to 1839 and later in the 1846 Mexican war, he resigned from the U.S. Army in 1861. Interestingly this Philadelphia, PA born man opted to become a CSA officer and was appointed at CSA LTG. After the civil War he became a farmer in Warrenton, Virginia from 1866 until 1876 when he returned home to Philadelphia and died on July 13, 1881 at age 67.


Battle of Raymond: Civil War Generals Summary
"The Battle of Raymond was fought on May 12, 1863 between elements of the Union Army of the Tennessee under the over-all command Maj Gen Ulysses S.Grant, with local command under Maj Gen James.B McPherson. And elements of the Confederate army of the Mississippi under the over-all command of Lt. Gen John C Pemberton with local command under Brigadier-General John Gregg.

Pemberton's planned to hold Grants army along a broad line stretching along Fourteen Mill Creek, to do this, it required him to consolidate all the men he could from the departments under his command into one force. A force that would be able to hold Grants army until additional men could be brought up. Unknown to anyone in the Confederate army, was that the XVII corps, which encompassed McPherson's two divisions, were already within ten miles of the main Confederate body at Raymond. Upon hearing of the arrival of Confederate forces into the town, McPherson was ordered to use his force to drive the Confederates out and capture the town. For this, the 20th Ohio was deployed into a skirmish line with one of it's brigades making its way towards a bridge on the creek.

John Gregg, upon hearing of this force , marched to meet what he assumed was merely a raiding party. He concealed his men on a hill overlooking the creek, with the hopes of luring them across the bridge and slaughter them once they were across. This force was soon discovered to be a full brigade, rather then a small party. To counter this, Gregg was going to have two regiments ambush the Union infantry, while two more regiments went around and captured the artillery batteries on the opposing side of the creek, trapping the Union brigade between the two forces. A Union regiment was able to cross the creek quick and got nearly destroyed by Greggs trap. The two Confederate regiments, wild from their easy victory, stormed across the creek and engaged the Union battle line beyond the hills, pushing them back but themselves taking heavy casualties while attacking a second Union line against superior numbers. The two regiments that had crept around to strike the Union from the rear, ended up coming about face to a two Union reserve regiments. The Confederate men that had went across the creek were now in full retreat, with the two regiments holding back the whole federal division. Eventually, McPherson began to extend his right flank beyond the Confederate hilltop. The position having been turned and his routed units reasonably reformed, Gregg ordered a withdrawal through Raymond towards Jackson. Here, the Federal artillery finally made its mark in the battle, pounding the Confederate ranks as Gregg continued the delaying action to allow his battered units to withdraw. As his disorganized force came scrambling over fences and through yards in Raymond, they were met by the 3rd Kentucky Mounted Infantry and 800 cavalry under the command of Wirt Adams, the leading elements of reinforcements headed to Raymond from all over the Confederacy. Help had arrived too late to do anything but provide rear guard protection to Gregg's spent force.

The Union casualties come out to 68 killed, 341 wounded, and 37 missing. The Confederate casualties were nearly double at 100 killed, 305 wounded, and 415 captured.

Grant's plan had been to lure Pemberton into splitting his force, allowing the Confederate army to be defeated in part. When news that Pemberton's left wing had retreated to the rail center at Jackson, a location where it was receiving reinforcements from across the Confederacy, led Grant to change his plan of attack. Initially, Jackson had been viewed as one of a few objectives, something that he had planned to delegate to two McPherson's two divisions. This led to the Battle of Jackson on May 14, 1863, which was essentially a rear-guard action. The threat of Confederate reinforcement having been eliminated, Grant turned and defeated Pemberton at the Battle of Champion Hill on May 16, and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge on May 17. Pemberton, his army all but shattered, retreated into Fortress Vicksburg, kidtrjkpdtkptgftgf [login to see] "
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GP0f9xS0Mw


Background from attlefields.org/learn/biographies/john-c-pemberton
"John Clifford Pemberton
TITLE
Lieutenant General
WAR & AFFILIATION Civil War
/ Confederate
DATE OF BIRTH - DEATH
August 10, 1814 – July 13, 1881
Born a Union man in Philadelphia in August of 1814, John Clifford Pemberton would go on to be a quintessential but controversial player in Confederate leadership. As a student at the University of Pennsylvania, the young Pemberton decided he wished to have a career as an engineer. Believing the United States Military Academy the best way gain this education, he applied to West Point, using his family's connection to President Andrew Jackson to secure an appointment. He was admitted to the academy, where he was the roommate and closest friend of George G. Meade. Pemberton graduated near the middle of the class of 1837 before being commissioned as an officer in the 4th Artillery.
Pemberton's antebellum career was typical of many officers of that time. He served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and aided in campaigns against the Cherokees in the west before serving under Zachary Taylor during the Mexican war. After the war, Pemberton married a Virginian, Martha Thompson. In the absence of any record of his thoughts on states' rights or slavery, many historians have come to believe Pemberton's marriage to this Norfolk native was the primary reason he sided with the Confederacy. With the secession of his wife's home state in 1861, Pemberton resigned from the Federal army and in June of that same year was made a brigadier general in the Confederate Army.
Pemberton's early service in the Confederacy constituted primarily of strengthening coastal defenses in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Due to his Yankee background, however, the general's relationships with local governors left much to be desired and Pemberton was transferred west. In October of 1862 he was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned command of the District of Mississippi and East Louisiana.
At the heart of this district was the vital shipping port of Vicksburg. With orders to hold the city at all costs, Pemberton expended a great deal of energy revamping its defenses, as well as improving defenses along the Mississippi river. In spite of these efforts—and Union defeats at Holly Springs and Chicksaw Bluffs—there was little Pemberton could do in the face of the impending Union attack on Vicksburg. To make matters worse, Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston reassigned Pemberton's cavalry to the Army of Tennessee. Thus, in May of 1863, when Union General Ulysses S. Grant's campaign to take the city began in earnest, the Confederate defender was deprived of vital intelligence about his enemy's whereabouts. Poor communication and lack of coordination with Johnston—as well as the Pemberton's own tactical errors—led to Confederate defeats at Champion Hill and Big Black River Bridge, and Pemberton was forced to back into the Vicksburg defenses. Two failed attempts to take the city by direct assault demonstrated the strength of the Vicksburg defenses and compelled Grant lay siege to the city. Despite constant pleas to Johnston for aid, Pemberton was completely isolated. Eventually, lack of supplies and starvation to their toll. On July 4, 1863, after 46 days, Pemberton surrendered 2,166 officers and 27,230 men, 172 cannon, and almost 60,000 muskets and rifles to the Federals.
Branded a traitor by Southerners for surrendering Vicksburg, Pemberton spent the remainder of 1863 the spring of 1864 in Virginia, an officer without a command. Boredom and a desire to render faithful service to his adopted country prompted the former Northerner wrote President Jefferson Davis for an assignment. Unable to procure a position commensurate with his rank, Pemberton resigned his general's commission and made a lieutenant colonel of artillery. After commanding the Richmond Defense Battalion, he was made inspector general of ordinance before the surrender of the Confederate Armies in April of 1865.
After the war, Pemberton carried on a feud with Johnston regarding the Vicksburg campaign. He returned to the north in the 1870s and passed away in Philadelphia in 1881 where he is buried.

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