Posted on Mar 7, 2020
Henry VIII Wanted a Divorce So He Sparked a Reformation
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On March 7, 1530, English King Henry VIII's divorce request was denied by Pope Clement VII. From the article:
"Henry VIII Wanted a Divorce So He Sparked a Reformation
When Martin Luther issued grievances about the Catholic Church in 1517, King Henry VIII took it upon himself to personally repudiate the arguments of the Protestant Reformation leader. The pope rewarded Henry with the lofty title of Fidei Defensor, or Defender of the Faith.
Barely a decade later, the very same Henry VIII would break decisively with the Catholic Church, accept the role of Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolve the nation’s monasteries, absorbing and redistributing their massive property as he saw fit.
So what changed? How did the former “Defender of the Faith” end up ushering in the English Reformation?
King Henry VIII wanted out from his first marriage.
Though early signs of anticlericalism had surfaced in England by the 1520s, Catholicism still enjoyed widespread popular support. As for Henry VIII, he “had no wish and no need to break with the church,” says Andrew Pettegree, professor of history at the University of St. Andrews (U.K.). “No need because he already enjoyed substantial power over the English church and its income...And he had no wish also, because he was personally rather pious.”
But by 1527, Henry had a big problem: His first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, had failed to produce a son and male heir to the throne. Henry had also become infatuated with one of his wife’s ladies-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn, whose sister Mary had previously been his lover. Anne encouraged the king’s attentions, but shrewdly refused to become his mistress, setting her sights on a higher goal.
So Henry asked Pope Clement VII to grant him a divorce from Catherine. He argued that the marriage was against God’s will, due to the fact that she had briefly been married to Henry’s late brother, Arthur.
Under other circumstances, it wouldn’t have been too difficult for England’s king to get a papal dispensation to set aside his first wife and marry another in order to produce a male heir. “There was a clear understanding among the princely houses of Europe that the continuation of the dynasty was the ruler's number one priority,” says Andrew Pettegree, professor of history at the University of St. Andrews (U.K.).
But timing was not on Henry’s side. That same year—1527—the imperial troops of the Holy Roman Empire had attacked and destroyed Rome itself, forcing Pope Clement VII to flee the Vatican through a secret tunnel and take shelter in the Castel Sant’Angelo. At the time, the title of Holy Roman Emperor belonged to King Charles V of Spain—Catherine of Aragon’s beloved nephew.
With the papacy almost entirely under imperial sway, Clement VII was not inclined to grant Henry a divorce from the emperor’s aunt. But he didn’t want to completely deny Henry either, so he stretched out negotiations with the king’s minister, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, over several years, even as Henry grew increasingly frustrated.
Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell find a Protestant solution.
It was the clergyman Thomas Cranmer and the king’s influential adviser Thomas Cromwell—both Protestants—who built a convincing case that England’s king should not be subject to the pope’s jurisdiction. Eager to marry Anne, Henry appointed Cranmer as the Archbishop of Canterbury, after which Cranmer quickly granted Henry’s divorce from Catherine. In June 1533, the heavily pregnant Anne Boleyn was crowned queen of England in a lavish ceremony.
Parliament’s passage of the Act of Supremacy in 1534 solidified the break from the Catholic Church and made the king the Supreme Head of the Church of England. With Cranmer and Cromwell in positions of power, and a Protestant queen by Henry’s side, England began adopting “some of the lessons of the continental Reformation,” Pettegree says, including a translation of the Bible into English.
The Crown also moved to dissolve England’s monasteries and take control of the Church’s vast property holdings from 1536-40, in what Pettegree calls “the greatest redistribution of property in England since the Norman Conquest in 1066.” All of the property reverted to the Crown, and Henry used the windfall to reward his counselors, both Protestant and conservative, for their loyalty. “Even Catholics are extremely tempted by the opportunity to increase their landholdings with this former monastic property,” Pettegree says.
Anne Boleyn’s daughter completed Reformation.
Anne Boleyn, of course, would fail to produce the desired son (although she gave birth to a daughter who would become Elizabeth I), and by 1536, Henry had fallen for another lady-in-waiting, Jane Seymour. That May, after her former ally Cromwell helped engineer her conviction of adultery, incest and conspiracy against the king, Anne was executed.
In October 1537, Jane Seymour gave birth to Henry’s first male heir, the future King Edward VI, before dying of complications from childbirth two weeks later. For the rest of Henry’s life, evangelical and conservative factions wrestled for influence—often with murderous results—but after Henry’s death in 1547, his son’s brief reign would be dominated by evangelical Protestant counselors, who were able to introduce a much more radical Reformation into England.
But Edward died young in 1553, and his Catholic half-sister, Queen Mary I, would reverse many of these changes during her reign. It would be left to Queen Elizabeth I, the daughter of Anne Boleyn and ruler of England for nearly 50 years, to complete the Reformation her father had begun.
As for Henry VIII, he had remained a conservative Catholic, with a personal hatred of Martin Luther, for the rest of his life, despite the revolutionary changes effected on his behalf.
'The divorce is absolutely at the heart of the matter,' Pettegree concludes. 'Had there been no marital problems, I'm fairly certain there would have been no English Reformation, at least in Henry's lifetime.'”
"Henry VIII Wanted a Divorce So He Sparked a Reformation
When Martin Luther issued grievances about the Catholic Church in 1517, King Henry VIII took it upon himself to personally repudiate the arguments of the Protestant Reformation leader. The pope rewarded Henry with the lofty title of Fidei Defensor, or Defender of the Faith.
Barely a decade later, the very same Henry VIII would break decisively with the Catholic Church, accept the role of Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolve the nation’s monasteries, absorbing and redistributing their massive property as he saw fit.
So what changed? How did the former “Defender of the Faith” end up ushering in the English Reformation?
King Henry VIII wanted out from his first marriage.
Though early signs of anticlericalism had surfaced in England by the 1520s, Catholicism still enjoyed widespread popular support. As for Henry VIII, he “had no wish and no need to break with the church,” says Andrew Pettegree, professor of history at the University of St. Andrews (U.K.). “No need because he already enjoyed substantial power over the English church and its income...And he had no wish also, because he was personally rather pious.”
But by 1527, Henry had a big problem: His first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, had failed to produce a son and male heir to the throne. Henry had also become infatuated with one of his wife’s ladies-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn, whose sister Mary had previously been his lover. Anne encouraged the king’s attentions, but shrewdly refused to become his mistress, setting her sights on a higher goal.
So Henry asked Pope Clement VII to grant him a divorce from Catherine. He argued that the marriage was against God’s will, due to the fact that she had briefly been married to Henry’s late brother, Arthur.
Under other circumstances, it wouldn’t have been too difficult for England’s king to get a papal dispensation to set aside his first wife and marry another in order to produce a male heir. “There was a clear understanding among the princely houses of Europe that the continuation of the dynasty was the ruler's number one priority,” says Andrew Pettegree, professor of history at the University of St. Andrews (U.K.).
But timing was not on Henry’s side. That same year—1527—the imperial troops of the Holy Roman Empire had attacked and destroyed Rome itself, forcing Pope Clement VII to flee the Vatican through a secret tunnel and take shelter in the Castel Sant’Angelo. At the time, the title of Holy Roman Emperor belonged to King Charles V of Spain—Catherine of Aragon’s beloved nephew.
With the papacy almost entirely under imperial sway, Clement VII was not inclined to grant Henry a divorce from the emperor’s aunt. But he didn’t want to completely deny Henry either, so he stretched out negotiations with the king’s minister, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, over several years, even as Henry grew increasingly frustrated.
Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell find a Protestant solution.
It was the clergyman Thomas Cranmer and the king’s influential adviser Thomas Cromwell—both Protestants—who built a convincing case that England’s king should not be subject to the pope’s jurisdiction. Eager to marry Anne, Henry appointed Cranmer as the Archbishop of Canterbury, after which Cranmer quickly granted Henry’s divorce from Catherine. In June 1533, the heavily pregnant Anne Boleyn was crowned queen of England in a lavish ceremony.
Parliament’s passage of the Act of Supremacy in 1534 solidified the break from the Catholic Church and made the king the Supreme Head of the Church of England. With Cranmer and Cromwell in positions of power, and a Protestant queen by Henry’s side, England began adopting “some of the lessons of the continental Reformation,” Pettegree says, including a translation of the Bible into English.
The Crown also moved to dissolve England’s monasteries and take control of the Church’s vast property holdings from 1536-40, in what Pettegree calls “the greatest redistribution of property in England since the Norman Conquest in 1066.” All of the property reverted to the Crown, and Henry used the windfall to reward his counselors, both Protestant and conservative, for their loyalty. “Even Catholics are extremely tempted by the opportunity to increase their landholdings with this former monastic property,” Pettegree says.
Anne Boleyn’s daughter completed Reformation.
Anne Boleyn, of course, would fail to produce the desired son (although she gave birth to a daughter who would become Elizabeth I), and by 1536, Henry had fallen for another lady-in-waiting, Jane Seymour. That May, after her former ally Cromwell helped engineer her conviction of adultery, incest and conspiracy against the king, Anne was executed.
In October 1537, Jane Seymour gave birth to Henry’s first male heir, the future King Edward VI, before dying of complications from childbirth two weeks later. For the rest of Henry’s life, evangelical and conservative factions wrestled for influence—often with murderous results—but after Henry’s death in 1547, his son’s brief reign would be dominated by evangelical Protestant counselors, who were able to introduce a much more radical Reformation into England.
But Edward died young in 1553, and his Catholic half-sister, Queen Mary I, would reverse many of these changes during her reign. It would be left to Queen Elizabeth I, the daughter of Anne Boleyn and ruler of England for nearly 50 years, to complete the Reformation her father had begun.
As for Henry VIII, he had remained a conservative Catholic, with a personal hatred of Martin Luther, for the rest of his life, despite the revolutionary changes effected on his behalf.
'The divorce is absolutely at the heart of the matter,' Pettegree concludes. 'Had there been no marital problems, I'm fairly certain there would have been no English Reformation, at least in Henry's lifetime.'”
Henry VIII Wanted a Divorce So He Sparked a Reformation
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The English Reformation (Henry VIII and the Church of England)
http://www.tomrichey.net When the Protestant Reformation began, Henry VIII opposed Martin Luther and sided with the Catholic Church. This changed when his fi...
Thank you my friend SGT (Join to see) for making us aware that on March 7, 1530, English King Henry VIII's divorce request of Catherine of Aragon was denied by Pope Clement VII.
The English Reformation (Henry VIII and the Church of England)
When the Protestant Reformation began, Henry VIII opposed Martin Luther and sided with the Catholic Church. This changed when his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not provide him with a live son to inherit his kingdom. Henry VIII asked the Pope for an annulment (since the Catholic Church does not recognize divorce, per se) and decided to leave the Catholic Church when his request was rejected. Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534, which declared Henry to be the "Supreme Head" of the Church of England.
As Supreme Head of the Church of England, Henry dissolved the monasteries and sold Church lands to generate revenue. He also divorced Catherine and married Ann Boleyn. As far as doctrine, however, Henry did very little, making his Reformation the most conservative of the Reformation movements.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxYzLCvPyfs
Images:
1. Catherine of Aragon, by an Unknown artist, oil on panel, circa 1520,
2. Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII with Cardinals painted by Sir John Gilbert
3. Catherine of Aragon pleading for her marriage to Henry VIII
4. First meeting of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Background from {[https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-reformation/]}
The Reformation
Citation: C N Trueman "The Reformation"
historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 23 Jun 2020.
The English Reformation started in the reign of Henry VIII. The English Reformation was to have far reaching consequences in Tudor England. Henry VIII decided to rid himself of his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, after she had failed to produce a male heir to the throne. He had already decided who his next wife would be – Anne Boleyn. By 1527, Catherine was considered too old to have anymore children.
However, a divorce was not a simple issue. In fact, it was a very complicated one. Henry VIII was a Roman Catholic and the head of this church was the pope based in Rome.
The Roman Catholic faith believed in marriage for life. It did not recognise, let alone support, divorce. Those who were widowed were free to re-marry; this was an entirely different issue. But husbands could not simply decide that their marriage was not working, divorce their wife and re-marry. The Roman Catholic Church simply did not allow it.
This put Henry VIII in a difficult position. If he went ahead and announced that as king of England he was allowing himself a divorce, the pope could excommunicate him. This meant that under Catholic Church law, your soul could never get to Heaven. To someone living at the time of Henry, this was a very real fear, and a threat which the Catholic Church used to keep people under its control.
Another approach Henry used was to make a special appeal to the pope so that he might get a special “Papal Dispensation”. This meant that the pope would agree to Henry’s request for a divorce purely because Henry was king of England but that it would not affect the way the Catholic Church banned divorce for others. The pope refused to grant Henry this and by 1533 his anger was such that he ordered the Archbishop of Canterbury to grant him a divorce so that he could marry Anne Boleyn.
The Archbishop granted Henry his divorce – against the wishes of the pope. But what else could the archbishop do if he wanted to remain on good terms with Henry?
This event effectively lead to England breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church based in Rome. Henry placed himself as head of the church and in that sense, in his eyes, his divorce was perfectly legal. In 1533, few were brave enough to tell him otherwise!
How did the people of England react to this? In fact, the vast bulk of the population were very angry at the way the Roman Catholic Church had used them as a source of money. To get married you had to pay; to get a child baptised (which you needed to be if you were to go to Heaven – so the Catholic Church preached) you had to pay; you even had to pay the Church to bury someone on their land (which you had to do as your soul could only go to Heaven if you were buried on Holy Ground). Therefore, the Catholic Church was very wealthy while many poor remained just that….poor. Their money was going to the Catholic Church. Therefore, there were no great protests throughout the land as many felt that Henry would ease up on taking money from them. Henry knew of the Catholic Church’s unpopularity and, therefore, used this to his advantage.
Henry was made Supreme Head of the Church by an Act of Parliament in 1534. The country was still Catholic but the pope’s power had been ended.
The most wealthy Catholics in England were the monasteries where monks lived. They were also the most loyal supporters of the pope. This made them a threat to Henry.
By the time of Henry, many monks had grown fat and were lazy. They did not help the community as they were meant to do. All they seemed to do was take money from the poor. Also some monasteries were huge and owned vast areas of land. So here were monks not loyal to Henry who were also very wealthy. Henry decided to shut down the monasteries of England. The monasteries were to disappear like sugar dissolves in hot liquid. This is why Henry’s attack on the monasteries is called the ‘Dissolution’ – they were to be dissolved!
Henry wanted to make the Dissolution appear to be backed by law. He sent round government officials to check up on what the monks were doing. This was organised by his chief minister, Thomas Cromwell. The officials knew what the king wanted in their reports – information that the monks were not working, were not saying their prayers etc. Anything to discredit the monks was considered useful. Sometimes, the monks were asked trick questions. “Do you keep all of your vows?” If the monks answered “yes”, but had taken a vow of silence, they had not kept all of their vows. If they refused to answer because of their vow of silence, they would be accused of failing to help the king. Or worse, were they trying to hide something?
One report sent to Cromwell commented that the head of the monastery visited, the prior, was a “virtuous man”. However, his monks were “corrupt” and “full of vice”. The report claimed that the monks had eight to ten girl friends each. This was all that Cromwell needed to shut down the monastery.
The allegations against some monks and nuns ‘spoke’ for themselves. At Bradley monastic house, the prior was accused of fathering six children; at Lampley Convent, Mariana Wryte had given birth to three children and Johanna Standen to six; at Lichfield Convent, two nuns were found to be pregnant and at Pershore Monastic House, monks were found to be drunk at Mass.
The smaller monasteries were shut down by 1536 while the larger and more valuable ones were shut by 1540. Few people in England were sorry to see them go. Few monks protested as they were given pensions or jobs where their monastery was. The abbot of Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire, Marmaduke Bradley, was given a £100 pension a year for life – a considerable sum of money then. Some chief monks – abbots – were hanged but this was a rarity.
Some monastery buildings were reduced to ruin as the local population was allowed to take what they wanted as long as the silver and gold in the monastery went to the Crown. This meant that expensive building bricks etc. could be acquired for free. This alone made the Dissolution popular with the majority of the people who tended to dislike lazy monks anyhow.
However, the vast bulk of the wealth of the monasteries went to Henry. Some was spent building defences against France on the south coast around Portsmouth; a small amount went on paying pensions to monks and abbots.
The only real protest in England to what Henry was doing came in 1536 with the Pilgrimage of Grace. This was lead by Robert Aske, a lawyer. He wanted the monasteries left alone. Aske, along with several thousands of others, marched to London. Henry promised to look into their complaints and many of the protesters went home satisfied with this. Their complaints were never looked into.
Aske was arrested and hung from a church tower in chains until he died of starvation.
When Henry became king in 1509, the church in England was as follows:
Head of the Church: the pope based in Rome Church services: all were held in Latin Prayers: all said in Latin Bible: written in Latin Priests: not allowed to marry
By the death of Henry in 1547, the church in England was as follows :
Head of the Church : the king Church services : held in Latin Prayers: most said in Latin. The “Lord’s Prayer” was said in English Bible: written in English Priests: not allowed to marry.
To reform means to change. This is why this event is called the English Reformation as it did change the way the church was run throughout England. However, the death of Henry in 1547 did not see an end of the religious problems of England."
FYI Lt Col Charlie Brown GySgt Gary CordeiroTSgt George RodriguezSPC Matthew LambPO1 H Gene LawrenceSPC Nancy GreeneSSG Franklin BriantSSG Robert Mark OdomSSG Michael NollSFC (Join to see)PO3 Phyllis MaynardSFC Richard WilliamsonSP5 Jeannie Carle SPC Chris Bayner-CwikTSgt David L.PO1 Robert GeorgeCPT Paul Whitmer Alan K. SPC Margaret Higgins
The English Reformation (Henry VIII and the Church of England)
When the Protestant Reformation began, Henry VIII opposed Martin Luther and sided with the Catholic Church. This changed when his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not provide him with a live son to inherit his kingdom. Henry VIII asked the Pope for an annulment (since the Catholic Church does not recognize divorce, per se) and decided to leave the Catholic Church when his request was rejected. Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534, which declared Henry to be the "Supreme Head" of the Church of England.
As Supreme Head of the Church of England, Henry dissolved the monasteries and sold Church lands to generate revenue. He also divorced Catherine and married Ann Boleyn. As far as doctrine, however, Henry did very little, making his Reformation the most conservative of the Reformation movements.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxYzLCvPyfs
Images:
1. Catherine of Aragon, by an Unknown artist, oil on panel, circa 1520,
2. Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII with Cardinals painted by Sir John Gilbert
3. Catherine of Aragon pleading for her marriage to Henry VIII
4. First meeting of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Background from {[https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-reformation/]}
The Reformation
Citation: C N Trueman "The Reformation"
historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 23 Jun 2020.
The English Reformation started in the reign of Henry VIII. The English Reformation was to have far reaching consequences in Tudor England. Henry VIII decided to rid himself of his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, after she had failed to produce a male heir to the throne. He had already decided who his next wife would be – Anne Boleyn. By 1527, Catherine was considered too old to have anymore children.
However, a divorce was not a simple issue. In fact, it was a very complicated one. Henry VIII was a Roman Catholic and the head of this church was the pope based in Rome.
The Roman Catholic faith believed in marriage for life. It did not recognise, let alone support, divorce. Those who were widowed were free to re-marry; this was an entirely different issue. But husbands could not simply decide that their marriage was not working, divorce their wife and re-marry. The Roman Catholic Church simply did not allow it.
This put Henry VIII in a difficult position. If he went ahead and announced that as king of England he was allowing himself a divorce, the pope could excommunicate him. This meant that under Catholic Church law, your soul could never get to Heaven. To someone living at the time of Henry, this was a very real fear, and a threat which the Catholic Church used to keep people under its control.
Another approach Henry used was to make a special appeal to the pope so that he might get a special “Papal Dispensation”. This meant that the pope would agree to Henry’s request for a divorce purely because Henry was king of England but that it would not affect the way the Catholic Church banned divorce for others. The pope refused to grant Henry this and by 1533 his anger was such that he ordered the Archbishop of Canterbury to grant him a divorce so that he could marry Anne Boleyn.
The Archbishop granted Henry his divorce – against the wishes of the pope. But what else could the archbishop do if he wanted to remain on good terms with Henry?
This event effectively lead to England breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church based in Rome. Henry placed himself as head of the church and in that sense, in his eyes, his divorce was perfectly legal. In 1533, few were brave enough to tell him otherwise!
How did the people of England react to this? In fact, the vast bulk of the population were very angry at the way the Roman Catholic Church had used them as a source of money. To get married you had to pay; to get a child baptised (which you needed to be if you were to go to Heaven – so the Catholic Church preached) you had to pay; you even had to pay the Church to bury someone on their land (which you had to do as your soul could only go to Heaven if you were buried on Holy Ground). Therefore, the Catholic Church was very wealthy while many poor remained just that….poor. Their money was going to the Catholic Church. Therefore, there were no great protests throughout the land as many felt that Henry would ease up on taking money from them. Henry knew of the Catholic Church’s unpopularity and, therefore, used this to his advantage.
Henry was made Supreme Head of the Church by an Act of Parliament in 1534. The country was still Catholic but the pope’s power had been ended.
The most wealthy Catholics in England were the monasteries where monks lived. They were also the most loyal supporters of the pope. This made them a threat to Henry.
By the time of Henry, many monks had grown fat and were lazy. They did not help the community as they were meant to do. All they seemed to do was take money from the poor. Also some monasteries were huge and owned vast areas of land. So here were monks not loyal to Henry who were also very wealthy. Henry decided to shut down the monasteries of England. The monasteries were to disappear like sugar dissolves in hot liquid. This is why Henry’s attack on the monasteries is called the ‘Dissolution’ – they were to be dissolved!
Henry wanted to make the Dissolution appear to be backed by law. He sent round government officials to check up on what the monks were doing. This was organised by his chief minister, Thomas Cromwell. The officials knew what the king wanted in their reports – information that the monks were not working, were not saying their prayers etc. Anything to discredit the monks was considered useful. Sometimes, the monks were asked trick questions. “Do you keep all of your vows?” If the monks answered “yes”, but had taken a vow of silence, they had not kept all of their vows. If they refused to answer because of their vow of silence, they would be accused of failing to help the king. Or worse, were they trying to hide something?
One report sent to Cromwell commented that the head of the monastery visited, the prior, was a “virtuous man”. However, his monks were “corrupt” and “full of vice”. The report claimed that the monks had eight to ten girl friends each. This was all that Cromwell needed to shut down the monastery.
The allegations against some monks and nuns ‘spoke’ for themselves. At Bradley monastic house, the prior was accused of fathering six children; at Lampley Convent, Mariana Wryte had given birth to three children and Johanna Standen to six; at Lichfield Convent, two nuns were found to be pregnant and at Pershore Monastic House, monks were found to be drunk at Mass.
The smaller monasteries were shut down by 1536 while the larger and more valuable ones were shut by 1540. Few people in England were sorry to see them go. Few monks protested as they were given pensions or jobs where their monastery was. The abbot of Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire, Marmaduke Bradley, was given a £100 pension a year for life – a considerable sum of money then. Some chief monks – abbots – were hanged but this was a rarity.
Some monastery buildings were reduced to ruin as the local population was allowed to take what they wanted as long as the silver and gold in the monastery went to the Crown. This meant that expensive building bricks etc. could be acquired for free. This alone made the Dissolution popular with the majority of the people who tended to dislike lazy monks anyhow.
However, the vast bulk of the wealth of the monasteries went to Henry. Some was spent building defences against France on the south coast around Portsmouth; a small amount went on paying pensions to monks and abbots.
The only real protest in England to what Henry was doing came in 1536 with the Pilgrimage of Grace. This was lead by Robert Aske, a lawyer. He wanted the monasteries left alone. Aske, along with several thousands of others, marched to London. Henry promised to look into their complaints and many of the protesters went home satisfied with this. Their complaints were never looked into.
Aske was arrested and hung from a church tower in chains until he died of starvation.
When Henry became king in 1509, the church in England was as follows:
Head of the Church: the pope based in Rome Church services: all were held in Latin Prayers: all said in Latin Bible: written in Latin Priests: not allowed to marry
By the death of Henry in 1547, the church in England was as follows :
Head of the Church : the king Church services : held in Latin Prayers: most said in Latin. The “Lord’s Prayer” was said in English Bible: written in English Priests: not allowed to marry.
To reform means to change. This is why this event is called the English Reformation as it did change the way the church was run throughout England. However, the death of Henry in 1547 did not see an end of the religious problems of England."
FYI Lt Col Charlie Brown GySgt Gary CordeiroTSgt George RodriguezSPC Matthew LambPO1 H Gene LawrenceSPC Nancy GreeneSSG Franklin BriantSSG Robert Mark OdomSSG Michael NollSFC (Join to see)PO3 Phyllis MaynardSFC Richard WilliamsonSP5 Jeannie Carle SPC Chris Bayner-CwikTSgt David L.PO1 Robert GeorgeCPT Paul Whitmer Alan K. SPC Margaret Higgins
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LTC Stephen F.
The English Reformation (Part II: Edward VI, Bloody Mary, Elizabeth I)
http://www.tomrichey.net This is the second part of my lecture on the English Reformation. Access Part I here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxYzLCvPyfs He...
The English Reformation (Part II: Edward VI, Bloody Mary, Elizabeth I)
"Henry VIII was succeeded by his son, Edward VI, who supported the development of a distinctly Protestant Church of England. During Edward's reign, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer wrote the Book of Common Prayer and scrapped the practice of clerical celibacy. After Edward's death, Mary I ("Bloody Mary") attempted to return England to Catholicism but died before she could cement her counter-reformation. It was during the long reign of Elizabeth I that Protestantism was firmly established, though not without difficulty. Philip II of Spain attempted to invade England, but his Spanish Armada was defeated by a more maneuverable English fleet and by the weather.
By the end of Elizabeth's reign, England was an established Protestant country and an established naval power in Europe."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAY2_wHVSHw
FYI SP5 Mark Kuzinski LTC Greg Henning SGT Gregory Lawritson LTC Stephan PorterCPT (Join to see)1stsgt Glenn Brackin SGT Steve McFarland Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj Robert ThorntonCWO3 (Join to see) PO1 William "Chip" Nagel LTC (Join to see)COL Mikel J. Burroughs SMSgt Lawrence McCarter Capt Rich BuckleyCynthia Croft SSG Donald H "Don" Bates SSG William Jones SFC William Farrell SSG Pete Fish
"Henry VIII was succeeded by his son, Edward VI, who supported the development of a distinctly Protestant Church of England. During Edward's reign, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer wrote the Book of Common Prayer and scrapped the practice of clerical celibacy. After Edward's death, Mary I ("Bloody Mary") attempted to return England to Catholicism but died before she could cement her counter-reformation. It was during the long reign of Elizabeth I that Protestantism was firmly established, though not without difficulty. Philip II of Spain attempted to invade England, but his Spanish Armada was defeated by a more maneuverable English fleet and by the weather.
By the end of Elizabeth's reign, England was an established Protestant country and an established naval power in Europe."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAY2_wHVSHw
FYI SP5 Mark Kuzinski LTC Greg Henning SGT Gregory Lawritson LTC Stephan PorterCPT (Join to see)1stsgt Glenn Brackin SGT Steve McFarland Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj Robert ThorntonCWO3 (Join to see) PO1 William "Chip" Nagel LTC (Join to see)COL Mikel J. Burroughs SMSgt Lawrence McCarter Capt Rich BuckleyCynthia Croft SSG Donald H "Don" Bates SSG William Jones SFC William Farrell SSG Pete Fish
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LTC Stephen F.
England's Reformation - Three Books That Changed a Nation (2017)
To mark the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, Janina Ramirez tells the story of three books that defined this radical religious revolution in England. Ty...
England's Reformation - Three Books That Changed a Nation (2017)
To mark the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, Janina Ramirez tells the story of three books that defined this radical religious revolution in England.
Tyndale's New Testament, Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer and Foxe's Book of Martyrs are no longer commonly recognised titles, yet for nearly four hundred years these works formed the backbone of British life. Their words shaped the English language, fuelled religious division and sparked revolt.
Nina discovers how the trio of texts had a powerful cumulative effect. Tyndale's Bible made the word of God accessible to the common man for the first time; The Book of Common Prayer established a Protestant liturgy; and Foxe's Book of Martyrs enshrined an intolerance of Catholicism. Nina reveals how they formed the nation's Protestant identity, the impact of which can be seen even today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1KJSfrSpvg
FYI 1SG Steven ImermanSSG Samuel KermonSP5 Geoffrey VannersonSPC Richard (Rick) HenryCW2 James Hughes
PO2 (Join to see)Cpl (Join to see) SFC (Join to see) MSG Andrew White SGT Robert R.CPT Tommy CurtisSFC Joe S. Davis Jr., MSM, DSL SMSgt Lawrence McCarter SSG (Join to see) SGT (Join to see)SSG Robert "Rob" Wentworth SPC Douglas Bolton
To mark the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, Janina Ramirez tells the story of three books that defined this radical religious revolution in England.
Tyndale's New Testament, Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer and Foxe's Book of Martyrs are no longer commonly recognised titles, yet for nearly four hundred years these works formed the backbone of British life. Their words shaped the English language, fuelled religious division and sparked revolt.
Nina discovers how the trio of texts had a powerful cumulative effect. Tyndale's Bible made the word of God accessible to the common man for the first time; The Book of Common Prayer established a Protestant liturgy; and Foxe's Book of Martyrs enshrined an intolerance of Catholicism. Nina reveals how they formed the nation's Protestant identity, the impact of which can be seen even today.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1KJSfrSpvg
FYI 1SG Steven ImermanSSG Samuel KermonSP5 Geoffrey VannersonSPC Richard (Rick) HenryCW2 James Hughes
PO2 (Join to see)Cpl (Join to see) SFC (Join to see) MSG Andrew White SGT Robert R.CPT Tommy CurtisSFC Joe S. Davis Jr., MSM, DSL SMSgt Lawrence McCarter SSG (Join to see) SGT (Join to see)SSG Robert "Rob" Wentworth SPC Douglas Bolton
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