What was the most significant event on July 13 during the U.S. Civil War?

Cavalry raiders in 1861, 1862 and 1863. On Monday July 13, 1863 New York City broiled as the draft rioters erupted as angry crowds tend to do in the summer heat. They went after black folks, policemen and anything which reminded them of the civil war which had cost so many New York soldiers’ lives.
In 1861 CSA Brig Gen Robert Selden Garnett had the dubious distinction of being the first General Officer to be killed in the Civil War. He was killed at the Battle of Corrick's Ford, western Virginia. This battle was the high point of Brig Gen George B. McClellan’s career.
Monday, July 13, 1863: Lt. Col. Arthur Fremantle, of Her Majesty’s Coldstream Guards, is visiting New York on his way home to Britain. He happens to get a first-row seat to witness the New York riots: “I walked the whole distance of Broadway to the Consul's house, and nothing could exceed the apparent prosperity; the street was covered with banners and placards inviting people to enlist in various high-sounding regiments. Bounties of $550 were offered, and huge pictures hung across the street, on which numbers of ragged greybacks, terror depicted on their features, were being pursued by the Federals.
On returning to the Fifth Avenue, I found all the shopkeepers beginning to close their stores, and I perceived by degrees that there was great alarm about the resistance to the draft which was going on this morning. On reaching the hotel I perceived a whole block of buildings on fire close by: engines were present, but were not allowed to play by the crowd. In the hotel itself, universal consternation prevailed, and an attack by the mob had been threatened. I walked about in the neighbourhood, and saw a company of soldiers on the march, who were being jeered at and hooted by small boys, and I saw a negro pursued by the crowd take refuge with the military; he was followed by loud cries of "Down with the b——y nigger! Kill all niggers!"
By the grace of God in 1863 each and every of the 230 orphans from the Colored Orphan Asylum on Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street was led to safety even while the buildings they had lived in were being looted and torched during the first day of the New York City draft riots.
1863: Draft riots, New York City. “When officials (accompanied by just a dozen police officers) arrived at the city’s Provost Marshall’s office on the morning of Monday, July 13, they found a restless, anxious crowd of roughly 500, many of them armed. Shortly after the draft’s 10:30 a.m. start time, a volunteer fire company, angered at the military conscription of their chief two days earlier, arrived on the scene. Known as Black Joke Engine Co. No. 33, the burly group was just as famous for their fist-fighting skills as they were for their firefighting. The men soon began to smash the building’s windows and force their way inside, followed closely by the growing mob. After breaking in, they destroyed much of the draft equipment as local officials fled the scene. The protestors, meanwhile, began to spread out across the city, growing in numbers.
An early target of the mob was the pro-war press, particularly the New York Tribune, run by ardent abolitionist Horace Greeley. By mid-morning a group of protestors had descended on the city’s lower Manhattan media district and were only turned away under heavy fire by armed newspaper staffers. Around the same time, another mob contingent laid waste to the one of the city’s armories. Late that afternoon, the crowd reached the Colored Orphan Asylum on Fifth Avenue and 43rd Street, home to more than 230 children. The orphanage’s staff was able to evacuate all of the children to safety, but just minutes later the mob turned on the building with a savage ferocity, uprooting trees, destroying clothing, toys and supplies before setting fire to the building. As the first day of the riots wore on, many of its early members, whose opposition had been focused solely on the draft itself, turned away from the increasingly violent mob. Many, including some of the men from the Black Joke Engine Co. would spend the next several days combating the rioters and protecting the city’s citizens.”

Pictures: 1863-07-13 New York Draft Riot - Destruction of Colored Orphanage; 1863-07 NYSeventh-Draft-Riots-7.16.13; 1863-07-13 Aldie Gap in The Blue Ridge Mountains, Va. The Head Quarters of Mosby's Guerillas; CSA Brig Gen Robert Selden Garnett

A. 1861: Battle of Corrick's Ford, western Virginia. Significant Federal victory because it cleared the region of Confederates. Saturday, July 13, 1861: The Union troops in West Virginia under Brig Gen George B. McClellan advance, and attack the Confederate force at Corrick's Ford. While directing his rear guard General Robert Garnett is shot and dies minutes later. He is the first general to die during the Civil War
On this day, Union General George B. McClellan distinguishes himself by routing Confederates under General Robert Garnett at Corrick’s Ford in western Virginia. The battle ensured Yankee control of the region, secured the Union’s east-west railroad connections, and set in motion the events that would lead to the creation of West Virginia.
Background: Two days before Corrick’s Ford, Union troops under General William Rosecrans flanked a Confederate force at nearby Rich Mountain. The defeat forced Garnett to retreat from his position on Laurel Hill, while part of McClellan’s force pursued him across the Cheat River. A pitched battle ensued near Corrick’s Ford, in which Garnett was killed—the first general officer to die in the war. But losses were otherwise light, with only 70 Confederate, and 10 Union, casualties.
The Battle of Corrick’s Ford was a significant victory because it cleared the region of Confederates Unfortunately for the Union, the small campaign that climaxed at Corrick’s Ford was the zenith of McClellan’s military career.
B. 1862: The First Battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest cavalry surprised and quickly overran a Federal hospital and the camp of a detachment from the 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment and the jail and courthouse in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. His major objective was to strike Murfreesboro, an important Union supply center on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. Additional Confederate troops attacked the camps of the other Union commands and the jail and courthouse. By late afternoon all of the Union units had surrendered to Forrest.
All of the Union units surrendered to Forrest, and the Confederates destroyed much of the Union's supplies and destroyed railroad track in the area. The primary consequence of the raid was the diversion of Union forces from a drive on Chattanooga.
The Murfreesboro garrison was camped in three locations around town and included detachments from four units comprising infantry, cavalry, and artillery, under the command of Brig. Gen. Thomas Turpin Crittenden, who had just arrived on July 12.
C. 1863: The New York City Draft Riots. In what will become the worst and most violent civil disturbance in United States history, riots begin spreading across the city, starting from the Five Points district and arising mostly out of unrest in the Irish populace and their dissatisfaction over the military draft, and the unwillingness of the working class to join the Army. A mob of 3,000 to 4, 000 people attack the Provost Marshal’s office, where the drawing of names for the Draft is being done, and capture the lists and draft tickets, scattering and destroying them. Then, they set fire to the buildings. The mob begins to catch and lynch negroes, and they attack the Colored Orphan Asylum on Fifth Avenue, looting the facility of any valuables, and set fire to the building. The firefighters are unable (or unwilling) to save the school. The mob attacks the local Armory at Second Avenue and a battle with police commences there. The mob also attacks the offices of Horace Greeley' New York Tribune. By 5:00 PM, the rioters have burned 7 buildings and killed 6 policemen, and attempt to murder Superintendent of Police Kennedy.
D. 1863: Loudoun County and Aldie, Virginia - Col. John S. Mosby and 27 Confederate raiders attacked 29 Sutler wagons. The Confederates overran the guards and encircled the entire wagon train. They captured all of the wagons and took the sutlers as prisoners. Instead of destroying the wagons as usual, Mosby decided to take the wagons toward Middleburg.
The Union command learned of the attack and sent a Union detachment from the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry to find and capture the Confederates and the wagons. At Aldie, the Federals caught up with the Confederates and overtook them. The outnumbered Confederates had no choice but to abandon the wagons and escape. The wagons and prisoners were recaptured.
New York City Draft Riots of 1863
It was the second largest insurrection in United States history and occurred in the middle of the largest insurrection in United States History. The History Guy remembers when immigrants, police, African Americans and the army clashed in New York City in the midst of the Civil War.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bxnUh86RB8
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