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Kublai (/ˈkuːblaɪ/; Mongolian: Хубилай, Hubilai; Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294.
Kublai was the fourth son of Tolui (his second son with Sorghaghtani Beki) and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his older brother Möngke as Khagan in 1260, but had to defeat his younger brother Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War lasting until 1264. This episode marked the beginning of disunity in the empire.[1] Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia, though as Khagan he still had influence in the Ilkhanate and, to a significantly lesser degree, in the Golden Horde.[2][3][4] If one counts the Mongol Empire at that time as a whole, his realm reached from the Pacific Ocean to the Black Sea, from Siberia to what is now Afghanistan.[5]
In 1271, Kublai established the Yuan dynasty, which ruled over present-day Mongolia, China, Korea, and some adjacent areas, and assumed the role of Emperor of China. By 1279, the Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty was completed and Kublai became the first non-Han emperor to conquer all of China.
The imperial portrait of Kublai was part of an album of the portraits of Yuan emperors and empresses, now in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. White, the color of the royal costume of Kublai, was the imperial color of the Yuan Dynasty.[6]
Kublai was the fourth son of Tolui (his second son with Sorghaghtani Beki) and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his older brother Möngke as Khagan in 1260, but had to defeat his younger brother Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War lasting until 1264. This episode marked the beginning of disunity in the empire.[1] Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia, though as Khagan he still had influence in the Ilkhanate and, to a significantly lesser degree, in the Golden Horde.[2][3][4] If one counts the Mongol Empire at that time as a whole, his realm reached from the Pacific Ocean to the Black Sea, from Siberia to what is now Afghanistan.[5]
In 1271, Kublai established the Yuan dynasty, which ruled over present-day Mongolia, China, Korea, and some adjacent areas, and assumed the role of Emperor of China. By 1279, the Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty was completed and Kublai became the first non-Han emperor to conquer all of China.
The imperial portrait of Kublai was part of an album of the portraits of Yuan emperors and empresses, now in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. White, the color of the royal costume of Kublai, was the imperial color of the Yuan Dynasty.[6]
Kublai Khan - Wikipedia
Posted from en.wikipedia.org
Birthday
Ancient History
China
Edited 6 y ago
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Thank you my friend Maj Marty Hogan for making us aware that September 23 is the anniversary of the birth of 13th century Kublai the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire.
During his reign he ruled over most of Asia.
Image: Map of the Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan, 1259 AD
He is probably not resting in pace and yet with God all things are possible since Marco Polo spent time with him in the 13th century.
Background from thenagain.info/WebChron/China/KublaiKhan.html
"Kublai Khan (1215-1294) was a Mongolian leader who made an impact on China, not only through conquest, but also by ruling successfully. Many of the rulers before him were brutally land-hungry and apathetic to the conquered people; however, Kublai challenged the stereotypes of Mongolian rulers by investing in his newly acquired people and providing the foundations of a grand empire. Unfortunately, after turning from his nomadic heritage and adopting Chinese manners, his Mongolian government failed to remain in control and was eventually overthrown by the Chinese.
Kublai Khan was the son of Toluia and Sorghaghtani Beki and the grandson of the famous Genghis Khan. Kublai’s mother not only raised him and his three brothers after their father’s death, but was also responsible for reclaiming the throne for her sons after losing it to Toluia’s brother. When the eldest son Mongke gained the throne, Kublai, the next in line, showed his own military strength and was given great responsibilities. After a religious battle between Buddhists and Taoists led to the death of Mongke, Kublai was given the throne. However, Kublaiís younger brother, Arigh Boki, with the help of support of several Mongols, challenged the throne. Kublai won over Boki when he cut off supplies to the southern empire. Kublai was claimed "Great Khan" in the North in 1260. Kublai developed a new type of control by surrounding himself with a variety of religious advisors. He showed tolerance towards the religions of his new subjects and because of his leniency, a relationship formed between him and his people.
Kublai Khan's transformation from conqueror to ruler led to many developments in Chinese culture. Along with providing religious freedom, he created aid agencies, increased the use of postal stations, established paper currency, reorganized and improved roads, and expanded waterways. Under his rule, the winter capitol was moved from Mongolian territory to the Chinese City of Dadu, which is modern day Beijing. He established the summer capitol in Shangdu, which was referred to as Xanadu. In 1275, Marco Polo, a Venetian explorer, visited Xanadu and a relationship of trust was formed between the two. Polo’s reports on Xanadu and China were new to Western Europeans and sparked further interest in eastern world exploration.
The Yuan Dynasty failed, unfortunately, with the death of Kublai Khan due to many factors. Kublai’s decision to move the capitol to Chinese territory and to install his lavish palace at Xanadu offended his Mongolian advisors. He was torn between establishing a stable country and following the traditional nomadic ways of his people. Kublai was eventually synicized and his Mongolian influenced government battled between their ways and the demands of the Chinese. The division in the government and frustrations of the Chinese people were not the only reasons for his downfall. Kublai sought expansionism to appease his frustrated Mongolian advisors and sought after Java and Japan. His attempts failed and cost his government extensive amounts of money. The paper currency he created caused inflation and continual conflicts between disgruntled religious groups arose in the mixed society he fostered. In 1281, the deaths of Kublai’s favorite wife and the throne’s next heir sent him into depression. Consequently, with a declining government in his hands and an ache in his heart, Kublai became an obese drunkard and died at the age of 79. Regardless of Kublai Khan’s demise, the Yuan Dynasty made a lasting impact on China and established the legacy of The Great Khan."
The Mongol Empire "Kublai Khan" History Channel
"Kublai was the second son of Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki, and a grandson of Genghis Khan. Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBfQitaYfQw
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. LTC (Join to see) Lt Col John (Jack) Christensen Lt Col Charlie Brown Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj William W. "Bill" Price SCPO Morris Ramsey SGT Mark Halmrast Sgt Randy Wilber Sgt John H. SGT Gregory Lawritson CPL Dave Hoover SPC Margaret Higgins SSgt Brian Brakke 1stSgt Eugene Harless CPT Scott Sharon
During his reign he ruled over most of Asia.
Image: Map of the Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan, 1259 AD
He is probably not resting in pace and yet with God all things are possible since Marco Polo spent time with him in the 13th century.
Background from thenagain.info/WebChron/China/KublaiKhan.html
"Kublai Khan (1215-1294) was a Mongolian leader who made an impact on China, not only through conquest, but also by ruling successfully. Many of the rulers before him were brutally land-hungry and apathetic to the conquered people; however, Kublai challenged the stereotypes of Mongolian rulers by investing in his newly acquired people and providing the foundations of a grand empire. Unfortunately, after turning from his nomadic heritage and adopting Chinese manners, his Mongolian government failed to remain in control and was eventually overthrown by the Chinese.
Kublai Khan was the son of Toluia and Sorghaghtani Beki and the grandson of the famous Genghis Khan. Kublai’s mother not only raised him and his three brothers after their father’s death, but was also responsible for reclaiming the throne for her sons after losing it to Toluia’s brother. When the eldest son Mongke gained the throne, Kublai, the next in line, showed his own military strength and was given great responsibilities. After a religious battle between Buddhists and Taoists led to the death of Mongke, Kublai was given the throne. However, Kublaiís younger brother, Arigh Boki, with the help of support of several Mongols, challenged the throne. Kublai won over Boki when he cut off supplies to the southern empire. Kublai was claimed "Great Khan" in the North in 1260. Kublai developed a new type of control by surrounding himself with a variety of religious advisors. He showed tolerance towards the religions of his new subjects and because of his leniency, a relationship formed between him and his people.
Kublai Khan's transformation from conqueror to ruler led to many developments in Chinese culture. Along with providing religious freedom, he created aid agencies, increased the use of postal stations, established paper currency, reorganized and improved roads, and expanded waterways. Under his rule, the winter capitol was moved from Mongolian territory to the Chinese City of Dadu, which is modern day Beijing. He established the summer capitol in Shangdu, which was referred to as Xanadu. In 1275, Marco Polo, a Venetian explorer, visited Xanadu and a relationship of trust was formed between the two. Polo’s reports on Xanadu and China were new to Western Europeans and sparked further interest in eastern world exploration.
The Yuan Dynasty failed, unfortunately, with the death of Kublai Khan due to many factors. Kublai’s decision to move the capitol to Chinese territory and to install his lavish palace at Xanadu offended his Mongolian advisors. He was torn between establishing a stable country and following the traditional nomadic ways of his people. Kublai was eventually synicized and his Mongolian influenced government battled between their ways and the demands of the Chinese. The division in the government and frustrations of the Chinese people were not the only reasons for his downfall. Kublai sought expansionism to appease his frustrated Mongolian advisors and sought after Java and Japan. His attempts failed and cost his government extensive amounts of money. The paper currency he created caused inflation and continual conflicts between disgruntled religious groups arose in the mixed society he fostered. In 1281, the deaths of Kublai’s favorite wife and the throne’s next heir sent him into depression. Consequently, with a declining government in his hands and an ache in his heart, Kublai became an obese drunkard and died at the age of 79. Regardless of Kublai Khan’s demise, the Yuan Dynasty made a lasting impact on China and established the legacy of The Great Khan."
The Mongol Empire "Kublai Khan" History Channel
"Kublai was the second son of Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki, and a grandson of Genghis Khan. Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBfQitaYfQw
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. LTC (Join to see) Lt Col John (Jack) Christensen Lt Col Charlie Brown Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj William W. "Bill" Price SCPO Morris Ramsey SGT Mark Halmrast Sgt Randy Wilber Sgt John H. SGT Gregory Lawritson CPL Dave Hoover SPC Margaret Higgins SSgt Brian Brakke 1stSgt Eugene Harless CPT Scott Sharon
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Maj Marty Hogan, the Netflix television series Marco Polo makes much of the life of Kublai Khan. Benedict Wong stars as Kublai Khan. It’s worth watching.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo_(TV_series)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo_(TV_series)
Marco Polo (TV series) - Wikipedia
Marco Polo is an American drama web television series inspired by Marco Polo's early years in the court of Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The show premiered on Netflix on December 12, 2014.[2] The series was written and created by John Fusco and stars Lorenzo Richelmy in the title role with Benedict Wong as Kublai Khan.[3] The series is produced by The Weinstein Company. On January...
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