On March 21, 1972, the US Supreme Court ruled states cannot require a one year residency to vote. From the article:
"Residency Requirements for Voting
The Supreme Court decision of March 21, 1972, declared lengthy requirements for voting in state and local elections unconstitutional and suggested that 30 days was an ample period. Most of the states have changed or eliminated their durational residency requirements to comply with the ruling, as shown. Note, for all states, in order to register to vote, an applicant must be a U.S. citizen, a legal resident of the state, and 18 years old on or before election day. Additionally, most states do not permit an individual to vote if he or she is a convicted felon currently serving time in prison or has been declared mentally incompetent by a court of law.
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State Residency requirement
Alabama No durational residency requirement. 10-day registration requirement. In-person registration by 5 P.M., eleven days before election date.
Alaska 30-day registration requirement.
Arizona 29-day registration requirement.
Arkansas No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
California 15-day registration requirement.
Colorado 30-day residency requirement. 29-day registration requirement.
Connecticut No durational residency requirement. Registration deadline 14th day before election by mail, 7 days in person; registration and party enrollment deadline by 12 noon the day before primary in person, 5 days by mail.
Delaware No durational residency requirement. 20-day registration requirement.
District of Columbia No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Florida No durational residency requirement. 29-day registration requirement before national election; 29-day registration requirement before first and second state primary.
Georgia No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Hawaii No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Idaho 30-day residency requirement. May register 25 days prior to any election with County Clerk. Individual may also register on election day at polling place.
Illinois 30-day residency requirement. 27-day registration requirement.
Indiana 30-day residency requirement. 29-day registration requirement.
Iowa No durational residency requirement.10-day registration requirement. In-person registration by 5 P.M., 11 days before election date, 10 days for statewide primary and general elections.
Kansas 15-day registration requirement.
Kentucky 28-day residency requirement.
Louisiana No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Maine No durational residency requirement.
Maryland No durational residency requirement.
Massachusetts No durational residency requirement. 20-day registration requirement.
Michigan 30-day residency requirement.
Minnesota Permits registration and voting on election day with approved ID; 20-day residency requirement.
Mississippi 30-day residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Missouri No durational residency requirement. Must be registered by the fourth Wednesday prior to election.
Montana 30-day residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Nebraska No durational residency requirement. Registration deadline is third Friday prior to election.
Nevada 30-day residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
New Hampshire No durational residency requirement. 10-day registration requirement. Individual may also register on election day at polling place.
New Jersey 30-day residency requirement. 29-day registration requirement.
New Mexico No durational residency requirement. 28-day registration requirement.
New York 30-day residency requirement.
North Carolina 30-day residency requirement. 25-day registration requirement.
North Dakota No voter registration. 30-day residency requirement to vote in election.
Ohio 30-day residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Oklahoma No durational residency requirement. 25-day registration requirement.
Oregon Must register by close of business day of registering agencies (which varies), 21st day before the election.
Pennsylvania 30-day residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Rhode Island No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
South Carolina No durational residency requirement. Registration certificate not valid for 30 days, but if you move within the state you can vote in old precinct during the 30 days.
South Dakota No durational residency requirement. 15-day registration requirement.
Tennessee No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Texas No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement.
Utah 30-day residency requirement. 15th and 18th day before election registration in person. Postmarked 30 days before election if registering by mail.
Vermont Administrative cut-off date for processing registration applications is second Saturday before the election, by 12 noon.
Virginia No durational residency requirement. 29-day registration requirement.
Washington 30-day residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement. Individual may also register in person no later than 15 days before election.
West Virginia No durational residency requirement. 21-day registration requirement.
Wisconsin 10-day residency requirement. Individual may also register on election day at polling place.
Wyoming No durational residency requirement. 30-day registration requirement. Individual may also register on election day at polling place."