How can we improve re-adjustment training?

I've read all the responses to this post, and all are right-on from each poster's perspective. As a Gulf War vet who imploded after coming home, I can tell you that, yes, help was available and easily accessible. Yes, family was there, and available to talk to. It didn't matter.
While everyone on this post is theorizing, you're missing is the reality of what's going on inside the mind of the SM who's imploding: It's not that we don't want help - we do; it's not that we cannot see that we need help - we can. Something we don't understand will not allow us to do it - in spite of our desire, we simply cannot engage to take the necessary action.
We cannot make you understand what we cannot put into words; this is not a lack of vocabulary or language skills, it's not "vapor lock" - it is the loss of an ability - a paralysis of communication. If you've truly lost an active ability, you understand.
While we appreciate our family or command caring enough to offer suggestions (guessing), it becomes chaff, and deflecting the chaff of everyone around us offering guesses just compounds the difficulty of our situation.
This is not "leave me alone to wallow in self pity" or "let me get a free pass" so don't bother climbing on that soap box of guessing - you'd be wrong again. Over the past 25 years, I've worked through all the emotion so that only the core problem remains. The simple, honest, fact of the reality that is inside our head at the moment, and 25 years later is "I cannot communicate that which I do not understand."
No one, at any level of education or rank, has that ability.
Perhaps if you've experienced trying to reconcile the phantom itching of an amputated limb, you'd have a clue to the frustration we suffer from kind of communication disconnect we experience. I can't even draw any parallels that fully convey the concept, so settle for cliche's such as "you can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink". So i reiterate the mind of the imploding soldier: I cannot communicate that which I do not understand. No one, at any level of education or rank, has that ability.

As for solutions, I have none, because after 25 years, I'm still learning to cope with this myself so I can have a "normal" life. As none can help, this seems to be a path we must walk alone.

(the rest is a cranky rant, so you can stop reading now)

This is where we need our "brother's keeper" the most - to protect us from ourselves. You just need to figure out when to intervene and how much.
If you want someone you care about to avoid a DUI, take their keys (by force, if necessary) rather than just saying "Hey, don't drink and drive" while they are getting in the car. We'll hate you for getting in our way at the moment, but later, we'll thank you for saving our career or more importantly, our life. As someone stated earlier, if you wait for the event, it's too late. Your brother can stumble all he wants, but if your brother falls, you've failed to be your brother's keeper. Reactionary measures are not a remedy by design. Reactionary measures such as CH14 are just CYA for the brass because no one likes to admit they failed. I've acknowledged my failures - I didn't like it, but I did it. It put me on a higher moral path than most.

SGT Christina Wilder - Sergeant; My suggestion was that there should be a mandatory "cooling down phase" following deployment where the troops remained under military discipline and were gradually re-introduced to "normal life".

I also suggested that this be coupled by a mandatory "directed leave" policy where the troops (and their families) would be housed in resorts and (loosely) monitored by the military.

I also suggested that there was no such thing as "IF the soldier is having problems." and that all returnees be advised that we EXPECTED there to be "re-adjustment issues" SOME of which SOME of them would handle on their own and SOME of which SOME of them would need assistance in dealing with but that what our goal was was to ensure that ALL of them finally dealt with ALL of the issues in a manner which provided for a successful continuation of their career.

All three of those would have cost a lot of money.

All three of those would have (helped significantly) to prevent the necessity for discharging valuable personnel and to prevent the unwanted consequences of undealt with "deployment issues".

For startes look at the time difference, it's been 25 years. Also, we are in a massive draw down. Just those two things cause for concern. The generation gap from the average Soldier age to your command team age will always be there, so that is our constant. Fighting a war against an insurgent force and coming home is different than either world war, or even against Korea. Those were clearly defined enemies. Even the Republican Guard under Sadaam Hussein had a clear uniform. The restrictions on ROE and EOF are a lot tighter than they used to be, so that could be part of the problem. I have dealt personally with survivors guil, on why I wasn't there when some lost their life against an IED. We all deal with grief and loss in different ways and we always will. Another constant. The biggest problem today is the sense of entitlement. Soldiers feel they are allowered to do something because they are in the military. The Army pushes so much on SHARP, EO and MRT training, but really it only checks a box. If NCO's and Officers really invest in their Soldiers, these problems would not be near as large. Getting back to truly taking care of the person on you left and right is what needs to happen. But, the Army is a machine that will keep turning no matter the problem, and it will continue to knee jerk reaction to every pokitical problem as well. Taking care of our own is where it has to start.