Understanding Ribosome Function in Atherosclerosis Essential procedures known as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, ribosomal protein synthesis, and mature ribosome assembly are all part of ribosome biogenesis and are intimately linked to the development of atherosclerosis. PES-BOP1-WDR12, which makes up the PeBoW complex, is essential for the maturation of rRNA during ribosome assembly. The PeBoW complex components BOP1 and PES1 have been shown to express more when they are expressed, which promotes ribosome biogenesis and causes aberrant VSMC growth and atherosclerosis. Moreover, regulators of ribosome biogenesis such nucleolin (Ncl) have ties to atherosclerosis.