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On December 28, 1941, Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks requested that Construction Battalions be recruited. It was the birth of the Seabees. From the article:
"The Civil Engineer Corps and the first Seabees
SM-01006
Enlist with the Seabees: WWII era recruiting sticker.
A question frequently heard is “Who were the first Seabees?” The answer is complicated by the fact that for a time during the early days of World War II there were two units which bore the designation “First Construction Battalion.”
The use of civilian construction workers was impractical in forward areas. Such workers could not defend what they built and if they attempted to do so could be executed as guerrillas under the terms of the Geneva Convention. In accordance with war plans formulated during the 1930s, RADM Ben Moreell, Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, requested authority to raise Navy construction units on 28 December 1941. On 5 January 1942 the Bureau of Navigation granted him authority to recruit experienced construction workers and organize them into a construction regiment comprising three battalions. Events, however, outran planning. The Navy immediately needed a fueling station built on Bora Bora in the French Society Islands to support ships and planes that were keeping open the sea lanes to Australia. There was no time to complete the organization and training of the newly authorized construction regiment; construction men were needed at once on Bora Bora!
To meet the demands of this critical situation, the Bureau of Yards and Docks proposed to organize a single construction battalion to be known as "Construction Battalion BOBCAT" after Bora Bora's code name. The battalion was to be formed around the First Headquarters Construction Company which had been trained and equipped for an assignment on Iceland but was still at Newport, Rhode Island. As mentioned earlier, this unit had originally been authorized on 31 October 1941 to perform administrative duties and oversee the work of civilian contractors and was composed of draftsmen, engineering aids, and inspectors. To the 100 men of the First Headquarters Construction Company, many of whom were experienced construction men, was added a draft of 150 general service recruits from the Newport Basic Training Camp who had no construction experience. The new unit was to consist initially of eight officers and 250 enlisted men. Additional personnel drafts were subsequently to increase its size.
The Bureau of Yards and Docks approved the draft organization of Construction Battalion BOBCAT on 9 January 1942; and on 10 January, the bureau requested that the Bureau of Navigation also approve the new unit and issue orders for its establishment. The Bureau of Navigation did so and the personnel of the new battalion assembled at the Naval Air Station, Quonset Point, Rhode Island, for a brief familiarization course in construction equipment operation and Quonset hut erection. Following this training, the men were sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where the battalion was to be officially formed and then depart for Bora Bora.
On 14 January 1942 the Bureau of Navigation ordered LCDR Harold M. Sylvester, CEC, USN, to report to the Commandant, Sixth Naval District at Charleston “...for duty in the connection with the organization of the First Construction Battalion and as officer in charge of that battalion when organized.” On 21 January 1942 LCDR Sylvester informed the Bureau of Navigation that “The organization of the Battalion was completed and the Battalion was placed in service by the Commandant, Sixth Naval District [RADM William H. Alan, USN] at 11:00 a.m. this date.” Thus, the first Seabee battalion came into existence.
Although called a “battalion,” the new unit was only a reinforced company in terms of actual strength. Despite this, it was commanded by a lieutenant commander and was officially designated the "First Construction Battalion, USN." Only six days after its establishment, on 27 January, the battalion shipped out for Bora Bora.
While the unit might be the first construction battalion, its personnel did not call themselves Seabees. The term “Seabee" was not coined until a month after the battalion's departure and it was not approved by the Bureau of Navigation until 5 March 1942. Lacking a name, the construction men of the new unit called themselves “Bobcats” after their destination's code name. They did not know that they were Seabees until a 120-man draft for the unit arrived on Bora Bora in June 1942. The new men called themselves Seabees and the old Bobcats learned to respect the new name when they subsequently heard of Seabee exploits on Guadalcanal.
While the Bobcats might now be Seabees, their unit was no longer the First Construction Battalion. On 26 March 1942, the Bureau of Yards and Docks had requested of the Bureau of Navigation “... that the referenced orders [of 14 January 1942] issued to Lieutenant Commander H. M. Sylvester, CEC, USN, be so far modified as to designate him as Officer in Charge of the First Construction Detachment, in lieu of the First Construction Battalion.” To understand this change in designation, we must go back once again to January 1942. During that month planning was underway not only for a construction unit on Bora Bora, but also for two additional units which would be sent to Tongatabu (code name BLEACHER) in the Tonga Islands and Efate (code name ROSES) in the New Hebrides Islands. On 15 January 1942, a week before the First Construction Battalion was established at Charleston, a Bureau of Yards and Docks memorandum recommended 16 CEC officers "...for duty with Construction Battalion Detachments for Bleacher and Roses."
As it turned out, the two proposed detachments were not formed separately, but as a single battalion on 15 March 1942 at Camp Allen (named after CAPT Allen of 12th Regiment fame), Norfolk, Virginia. The new battalion was designated the First Construction Battalion! However, unlike the "battalion" formed at Charleston on 21 January, this first battalion had a normal table of organization: one Headquarters Company and four construction companies with a total complement of 1,080 men. On 1 April 1942 the new battalion was officially divided into two detachments (as originally anticipated in the planning). One half of the headquarters company and “A” and “B” companies became the Second Construction Detachment, commanded by LCDR Forrest E. Byrns, CEC, USNR. The remainder of the Headquarters Company and companies “C” and “D” became the Third Construction Detachment, commanded by LT (later RADM) Harry N. Wallin, CEC, USN.
There now existed three construction detachments: the first was building fueling facilities on Bora Bora, while the second and third completed their training at Camp Allen. On 8 April 1942 the Second Construction Detachment departed for Tongatabu to build a fueling station and air base. Four days later, on 12 April, the Third Construction Detachment departed for Efate to build a forward air base.
The Bobcats of the First Construction Detachment had absolutely no connection with the men of the Second and Third Construction Detachments. The Bobcats remained on Bora Bora until September 1943 by which time the war had moved west and the island had become a backwater. On 11 September 1943 the First Construction Detachment departed Bora Bora for Noumea, New Caledonia (leaving behind 2 officers and 31 men to train Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 519 in base maintenance).
En route to their new destination, the Bobcats were diverted to the Samoan Islands and they landed at Pago Pago on 6 September 1943. The First Construction Detachment was now redesignated the "Naval Construction Company" and assigned to the 22nd Marine Regiment, Reinforced. During the next seven months, the Bobcats not only performed general construction work, but also saw action in assault engineer and demolition squads during the campaign in the Marshall Islands. After twenty-six months of tropical campaigning, on 17 April 1944, the Bobcats were once again designated the "First Construction Detachment" and were shortly after detached from the Marines. On 5 May 1944 the detachment was attached to Naval Construction Battalion Three for return to the U.S. with that unit. On 7 June 1944 the First Construction Detachment was inactivated at the Construction Battalion Replacement Depot, Camp Parks, California.
The Second Construction Detachment remained on Tongatabu until February 1943 where it completed numerous projects. Among these was the installation of a concrete bulkhead in the damaged aircraft carrier USS SARATOGA. On 25 February 1943 the Second Construction Detachment left Tongatabu for Efate where it was to join the Third Construction Detachment (a 160-man detachment was left behind, and did not arrive on Efate until 8 December).
The Third Construction Detachment completed many significant projects while in the New Hebrides Islands. The most important involved forward air base construction. Not only did the detachment build an airfield and facilities on Efate, but part of the detachment also built an extremely important airfield on Espiritu Santo (code name BUTTONS). This 6,000-foot coral- surfaced field, built in only 20 days, allowed U.S. aircraft to begin bombing the Japanese airfield on Guadalcanal before it could be completed and planes from it sent into action against U.S. forces.
On 1 March 1943 the Second Construction Detachment arrived at Efate. Six weeks later, on 14 April, the Second and Third Detachments were inactivated and the First Construction Battalion was reformed. LCDR Byrns, the officer in charge of the former Second Detachment, assumed command of the battalion. The men left behind on Tongatabu by the Second Detachment now became the "EDIT" detachment of the First Construction Battalion. The First Battalion continued to operate on Efate until mid-February 1944 when, after almost two years in the tropics, it returned to the U.S. The battalion arrived at San Francisco on 7 March 1944 and was shipped to Camp Parks the same day. On 13 June 1944 the First Construction Battalion was disestablished and its personnel assigned to other battalions.
Thus ends the strange tale of the two “first battalions.” The Bobcats were the first officially established "construction battalion," despite the fact that the unit's original strength was only 8 officers and 250 men. The unit was established as the First Construction Battalion because the Bureau of Yards and Docks planned to augment it with additional personnel and bring it up to battalion strength. The plan, however, was quickly abandoned as the situation in the Pacific evolved.
Less than two months after the Bobcats sailed for Bora Bora, the Navy established another First Construction Battalion. This full-strength battalion has the distinction of being the “first battalion” in reality as well as in name. One final point should be emphasized again: the First Construction Detachment (the Bobcats) had absolutely no connection -- either organizationally or as regards service -- with the Second and Third Detachments. While the latter were originally part of the same battalion and while they were reformed as such early in 1943, the First Detachment had an entirely separate existence."
"The Civil Engineer Corps and the first Seabees
SM-01006
Enlist with the Seabees: WWII era recruiting sticker.
A question frequently heard is “Who were the first Seabees?” The answer is complicated by the fact that for a time during the early days of World War II there were two units which bore the designation “First Construction Battalion.”
The use of civilian construction workers was impractical in forward areas. Such workers could not defend what they built and if they attempted to do so could be executed as guerrillas under the terms of the Geneva Convention. In accordance with war plans formulated during the 1930s, RADM Ben Moreell, Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, requested authority to raise Navy construction units on 28 December 1941. On 5 January 1942 the Bureau of Navigation granted him authority to recruit experienced construction workers and organize them into a construction regiment comprising three battalions. Events, however, outran planning. The Navy immediately needed a fueling station built on Bora Bora in the French Society Islands to support ships and planes that were keeping open the sea lanes to Australia. There was no time to complete the organization and training of the newly authorized construction regiment; construction men were needed at once on Bora Bora!
To meet the demands of this critical situation, the Bureau of Yards and Docks proposed to organize a single construction battalion to be known as "Construction Battalion BOBCAT" after Bora Bora's code name. The battalion was to be formed around the First Headquarters Construction Company which had been trained and equipped for an assignment on Iceland but was still at Newport, Rhode Island. As mentioned earlier, this unit had originally been authorized on 31 October 1941 to perform administrative duties and oversee the work of civilian contractors and was composed of draftsmen, engineering aids, and inspectors. To the 100 men of the First Headquarters Construction Company, many of whom were experienced construction men, was added a draft of 150 general service recruits from the Newport Basic Training Camp who had no construction experience. The new unit was to consist initially of eight officers and 250 enlisted men. Additional personnel drafts were subsequently to increase its size.
The Bureau of Yards and Docks approved the draft organization of Construction Battalion BOBCAT on 9 January 1942; and on 10 January, the bureau requested that the Bureau of Navigation also approve the new unit and issue orders for its establishment. The Bureau of Navigation did so and the personnel of the new battalion assembled at the Naval Air Station, Quonset Point, Rhode Island, for a brief familiarization course in construction equipment operation and Quonset hut erection. Following this training, the men were sent to Charleston, South Carolina, where the battalion was to be officially formed and then depart for Bora Bora.
On 14 January 1942 the Bureau of Navigation ordered LCDR Harold M. Sylvester, CEC, USN, to report to the Commandant, Sixth Naval District at Charleston “...for duty in the connection with the organization of the First Construction Battalion and as officer in charge of that battalion when organized.” On 21 January 1942 LCDR Sylvester informed the Bureau of Navigation that “The organization of the Battalion was completed and the Battalion was placed in service by the Commandant, Sixth Naval District [RADM William H. Alan, USN] at 11:00 a.m. this date.” Thus, the first Seabee battalion came into existence.
Although called a “battalion,” the new unit was only a reinforced company in terms of actual strength. Despite this, it was commanded by a lieutenant commander and was officially designated the "First Construction Battalion, USN." Only six days after its establishment, on 27 January, the battalion shipped out for Bora Bora.
While the unit might be the first construction battalion, its personnel did not call themselves Seabees. The term “Seabee" was not coined until a month after the battalion's departure and it was not approved by the Bureau of Navigation until 5 March 1942. Lacking a name, the construction men of the new unit called themselves “Bobcats” after their destination's code name. They did not know that they were Seabees until a 120-man draft for the unit arrived on Bora Bora in June 1942. The new men called themselves Seabees and the old Bobcats learned to respect the new name when they subsequently heard of Seabee exploits on Guadalcanal.
While the Bobcats might now be Seabees, their unit was no longer the First Construction Battalion. On 26 March 1942, the Bureau of Yards and Docks had requested of the Bureau of Navigation “... that the referenced orders [of 14 January 1942] issued to Lieutenant Commander H. M. Sylvester, CEC, USN, be so far modified as to designate him as Officer in Charge of the First Construction Detachment, in lieu of the First Construction Battalion.” To understand this change in designation, we must go back once again to January 1942. During that month planning was underway not only for a construction unit on Bora Bora, but also for two additional units which would be sent to Tongatabu (code name BLEACHER) in the Tonga Islands and Efate (code name ROSES) in the New Hebrides Islands. On 15 January 1942, a week before the First Construction Battalion was established at Charleston, a Bureau of Yards and Docks memorandum recommended 16 CEC officers "...for duty with Construction Battalion Detachments for Bleacher and Roses."
As it turned out, the two proposed detachments were not formed separately, but as a single battalion on 15 March 1942 at Camp Allen (named after CAPT Allen of 12th Regiment fame), Norfolk, Virginia. The new battalion was designated the First Construction Battalion! However, unlike the "battalion" formed at Charleston on 21 January, this first battalion had a normal table of organization: one Headquarters Company and four construction companies with a total complement of 1,080 men. On 1 April 1942 the new battalion was officially divided into two detachments (as originally anticipated in the planning). One half of the headquarters company and “A” and “B” companies became the Second Construction Detachment, commanded by LCDR Forrest E. Byrns, CEC, USNR. The remainder of the Headquarters Company and companies “C” and “D” became the Third Construction Detachment, commanded by LT (later RADM) Harry N. Wallin, CEC, USN.
There now existed three construction detachments: the first was building fueling facilities on Bora Bora, while the second and third completed their training at Camp Allen. On 8 April 1942 the Second Construction Detachment departed for Tongatabu to build a fueling station and air base. Four days later, on 12 April, the Third Construction Detachment departed for Efate to build a forward air base.
The Bobcats of the First Construction Detachment had absolutely no connection with the men of the Second and Third Construction Detachments. The Bobcats remained on Bora Bora until September 1943 by which time the war had moved west and the island had become a backwater. On 11 September 1943 the First Construction Detachment departed Bora Bora for Noumea, New Caledonia (leaving behind 2 officers and 31 men to train Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 519 in base maintenance).
En route to their new destination, the Bobcats were diverted to the Samoan Islands and they landed at Pago Pago on 6 September 1943. The First Construction Detachment was now redesignated the "Naval Construction Company" and assigned to the 22nd Marine Regiment, Reinforced. During the next seven months, the Bobcats not only performed general construction work, but also saw action in assault engineer and demolition squads during the campaign in the Marshall Islands. After twenty-six months of tropical campaigning, on 17 April 1944, the Bobcats were once again designated the "First Construction Detachment" and were shortly after detached from the Marines. On 5 May 1944 the detachment was attached to Naval Construction Battalion Three for return to the U.S. with that unit. On 7 June 1944 the First Construction Detachment was inactivated at the Construction Battalion Replacement Depot, Camp Parks, California.
The Second Construction Detachment remained on Tongatabu until February 1943 where it completed numerous projects. Among these was the installation of a concrete bulkhead in the damaged aircraft carrier USS SARATOGA. On 25 February 1943 the Second Construction Detachment left Tongatabu for Efate where it was to join the Third Construction Detachment (a 160-man detachment was left behind, and did not arrive on Efate until 8 December).
The Third Construction Detachment completed many significant projects while in the New Hebrides Islands. The most important involved forward air base construction. Not only did the detachment build an airfield and facilities on Efate, but part of the detachment also built an extremely important airfield on Espiritu Santo (code name BUTTONS). This 6,000-foot coral- surfaced field, built in only 20 days, allowed U.S. aircraft to begin bombing the Japanese airfield on Guadalcanal before it could be completed and planes from it sent into action against U.S. forces.
On 1 March 1943 the Second Construction Detachment arrived at Efate. Six weeks later, on 14 April, the Second and Third Detachments were inactivated and the First Construction Battalion was reformed. LCDR Byrns, the officer in charge of the former Second Detachment, assumed command of the battalion. The men left behind on Tongatabu by the Second Detachment now became the "EDIT" detachment of the First Construction Battalion. The First Battalion continued to operate on Efate until mid-February 1944 when, after almost two years in the tropics, it returned to the U.S. The battalion arrived at San Francisco on 7 March 1944 and was shipped to Camp Parks the same day. On 13 June 1944 the First Construction Battalion was disestablished and its personnel assigned to other battalions.
Thus ends the strange tale of the two “first battalions.” The Bobcats were the first officially established "construction battalion," despite the fact that the unit's original strength was only 8 officers and 250 men. The unit was established as the First Construction Battalion because the Bureau of Yards and Docks planned to augment it with additional personnel and bring it up to battalion strength. The plan, however, was quickly abandoned as the situation in the Pacific evolved.
Less than two months after the Bobcats sailed for Bora Bora, the Navy established another First Construction Battalion. This full-strength battalion has the distinction of being the “first battalion” in reality as well as in name. One final point should be emphasized again: the First Construction Detachment (the Bobcats) had absolutely no connection -- either organizationally or as regards service -- with the Second and Third Detachments. While the latter were originally part of the same battalion and while they were reformed as such early in 1943, the First Detachment had an entirely separate existence."
The Civil Engineer Corps and the first Seabees
Posted from history.navy.milPosted in these groups: 
American History
Military History
WWII World War Two
CB: Seabee (WW II)
Naval Historical Foundation
American History Military History WWII World War Two CB: Seabee (WW II) Naval Historical Foundation
Posted >1 y ago
Responses: 6
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