What type of leader do you see yourself as? Below are the 5 Sources of Power as defined by American sociologists John French and Bertram Raven in 1959. It is still relevant today and can be found in today's Military. Please see the definitions below.
Legitimate Power
Legitimate power is also known as positional
power. It's derived from the position a person holds in an organization's
hierarchy. For
positional power to be exercised effectively, the person wielding it must be
deemed to have earned it legitimately. An example of legitimate power is that
held by a company's CEO.
Expert power
Knowledge is power. Expert power is derived from
possessing knowledge or expertise in a particular area. Such people are highly
valued by organizations for their problem solving skills. People who have
expert power perform critical tasks and are therefore deemed indispensable. The
opinions, ideas and decisions of people with expert power are held in high
regard by other employees and hence greatly influence their actions.
Referent Power
Referent power is derived from the interpersonal
relationships that a person cultivates with other people in the organization.
People possess reference power when others respect and like them. Referent
power arises from charisma, as the charismatic person influences others via the
admiration, respect and trust others have for them.
Coercive Power
Coercive power is derived from a person's
ability to influence others via threats, punishments or sanctions. A junior
staff member may work late to meet a deadline to avoid disciplinary action from
his boss. Coercive power is, therefore, a person's ability to punish, fire or
reprimand another employee.
Reward Power
Reward power arises from the ability of a person
to influence the allocation of incentives in an organization. These incentives
include salary increments, positive appraisals and promotions. In an
organization, people who wield reward power tend to influence the actions of
other employees. Reward power, if used well, greatly motivates employees.