What resources are available to help me (and my family) with transitioning back into the military?

no!! don't do it. J/k I am glad you are looking at going back in. If you are in the reserves I know there is a program to go back to active duty with no little issues according to the new army times

You'll need to see a Recruiter.

Just like you did when you first joined the Army. You'll need to see if you qualify (you might not), and ask any questions to someone whose job it is to answer them. If you like, I'm a Recruiter, and a Reservist-- so what do you want to know?

Understand your current preference for the Army and others in this discussion have provided important information. First, decide what your goals are and how being in the Service supports those goals. If you love police work and want to be in law enforcement with an opportunity to move into supervision in the next 5 years, then rejoining the Service in the MP or Security career field is a good fit. If you are just looking for a pay check and medical benefits for your family, then any good job should do it. With your goals clearly in mind, contact the recruiters for all 5 services. Each has a program for enlisting prior-service members. Each will offer different incentives, or no incentives, for you to join their Service. Take the best deal that fits your goals and family needs. Don't overlook opportunities in the Navy Master at Arms career field just because you were in the Army. If the Navy offers you the best deal in terms of rank, accession date, and other benefits, then take it. Same goes for Air Force Force Protection. Keep an open mind and shop around.