Are SrA who have graduated ALS treated with more respect than those who have not?

Only if you get assigned as a supervisor or a line number. Even then, you will likely still be treated the same as any other SrA.

Leadership will expect more from a Senior Airman who has graduated ALS. Once you graduate ALS, there is always a chance you could be put in a supervisor position for other Airmen. During ALS you are being groomed to become an NCO and a supervisor and others are going to look to you when it comes to standards. So in my opinion, it is not about a SrA being treated with more respect, respect is earned by doing your job well and holding yourself and others to the highest standards.

The only difference I have seen is that the Senior Airmen who have graduated ALS now have more expectations put on them than ones that have not. Might get a troop and they will give you more responsibilities for when you become an NCO.