What is the proper way to address NCOs in different branches?

Navy = Chief
USMC = full rank title
Army = Sarge, or big sarge
USAF = first name

As most have said here, learn the service etiquette. When I was fresh caught lieutenant in RVN, the Company Gunny was giving me some necessary advice, to which I replied "Yessir...I mean, yes, Gunny." The Skipper heard me and said, "Oh, it's OK to call him "Sir", lad. He's old enough to be your father!" (I judiciously did not hear the Gunny's reply.)

On a more serious side, an Army Major at Quantico (he was an exchange student at Command and Staff College) once interrupted a conversation I was having with a Master Gunnery Sergeant by saying "In the Army, we do not keep an officer waiting for a conversation with a sergeant to en...." The Master Gunny politely excused himself and I had the rare privilege of throwing a fellow major out of my office for embarrassing me, himself, and the Army.

For Marines, full rank. Gunny and Master Gunny / Master Guns are acceptable for Gunnery Sergeants and Master Gunnery Sergeants, respectively, in informal settings and if they allow it, which most do. Outside of that, full rank for everyone else. NCOs and SNCOs are addressed as sir by recruits during boot camp. Once the recruits receive their Eagle, Globe, and Anchor, they are then Marines and will call them by their ranks.