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Napoleon Bonaparte, the former French ruler who once ruled an empire that stretched across Europe, dies as a British prisoner on the remote island of Saint Helena in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
The Corsica-born Napoleon, one of the greatest military strategists in history, rapidly rose in the ranks of the French Revolutionary Army during the late 1790s. By 1799, France was at war with most of Europe, and Napoleon returned home from his Egyptian campaign to take over the reigns of the French government and save his nation from collapse. After becoming first consul in February 1800, he reorganized his armies and defeated Austria. In 1802, he established the Napoleonic Code, a new system of French law, and in 1804 was crowned emperor of France in Notre Dame Cathedral. By 1807, Napoleon controlled an empire that stretched from the River Elbe in the north, down through Italy in the south, and from the Pyrenees to the Dalmatian coast.
Beginning in 1812, Napoleon began to encounter the first significant defeats of his military career, suffering through a disastrous invasion of Russia, losing Spain to the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula War, and enduring total defeat against an allied force by 1814. Exiled to the island of Elba, he escaped to France in early 1815 and raised a new Grand Army that enjoyed temporary success before its crushing defeat at Waterloo against an allied force under Wellington on June 18, 1815. Napoleon was subsequently exiled to the island of Saint Helena off the coast of Africa. Six years later, he died, most likely of stomach cancer, and in 1840 his body was returned to Paris, where it was interred in the Hotel des Invalides.
The Corsica-born Napoleon, one of the greatest military strategists in history, rapidly rose in the ranks of the French Revolutionary Army during the late 1790s. By 1799, France was at war with most of Europe, and Napoleon returned home from his Egyptian campaign to take over the reigns of the French government and save his nation from collapse. After becoming first consul in February 1800, he reorganized his armies and defeated Austria. In 1802, he established the Napoleonic Code, a new system of French law, and in 1804 was crowned emperor of France in Notre Dame Cathedral. By 1807, Napoleon controlled an empire that stretched from the River Elbe in the north, down through Italy in the south, and from the Pyrenees to the Dalmatian coast.
Beginning in 1812, Napoleon began to encounter the first significant defeats of his military career, suffering through a disastrous invasion of Russia, losing Spain to the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsula War, and enduring total defeat against an allied force by 1814. Exiled to the island of Elba, he escaped to France in early 1815 and raised a new Grand Army that enjoyed temporary success before its crushing defeat at Waterloo against an allied force under Wellington on June 18, 1815. Napoleon was subsequently exiled to the island of Saint Helena off the coast of Africa. Six years later, he died, most likely of stomach cancer, and in 1840 his body was returned to Paris, where it was interred in the Hotel des Invalides.
Napoleon dies in exile - May 05, 1821 - HISTORY.com
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After his defeat in the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 -- 5 May 1821) died in St. Helena while in exile. Sten Forshufvud (a Swedish d...
Thank you my friend TSgt Joe C. for reminding us that Napoleon Bonaparte died as a British prisoner on the remote island of Saint Helena in the southern Atlantic Ocean on May 5, 1821.
Images: 1821 Napoleon’s original tomb in St Helena.; Napoleon’s bed at Longwood House; The Royal Mail ship approaching St Helena
"After his defeat in the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 -- 5 May 1821) died in St. Helena while in exile. Sten Forshufvud (a Swedish dentist and toxicologist) and Ben Weider (a Canadian Napoleon enthusiast) wrote a book titled "Assassination at St. Helena" (1978, Mitchell Press Limited, Vancouver, B.C., ISBN [login to see] ) and concluded that the French emperor died of deliberate chronic arsenic poisoning.
In 2002, investigation carried out by a team of French forensic experts overturned the aforesaid theory and suggested that Napoleon died of stomach cancer as the British alleged. This new study, commissioned by the magazine Science et Vie, focuses on strands of hair taken from Napoleon in 1805, 1814 and 1821. All were found to have abnormally high levels of arsenic. Researchers conclude that poisoning could not have been the cause of death. The arsenic came from contamination such as gunpowder, rat poison, wallpaper glue and most pertinently, hair ointment. Napoleon's death remains a mystery."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBH7jTTUf4o
"Background from historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Napoleons-Exile-on-St-Helena/
"Napoleon’s Exile on St Helena
by Lara Jacobs
Imagine Napoleon’s dismay when he realised he was not being banished to America as he anticipated, but to the remote island of St Helena in the mid-Atlantic instead. Located 1,200 miles from the nearest landmass off the west coast of Africa, St Helena was the ideal choice for Napeoleon’s exile… after all, the last thing the British wanted was a repeat of Elba!
Napoleon arrived in St Helena on 15th October 1815, after ten weeks at sea on board the HMS Northumberland.
William Balcombe, employee of the East India Company and one-time family friend of the French emperor, put Napoleon up at Briars Pavilion when he first arrived on the island. However a few months later in December 1815, the emperor was moved to nearby Longwood House, a property said to have been particularly cold, uninviting and infested with rats.
During Napoleon’s time on the island, Sir Hudson Lowe was appointed Governor of St Helena. Lowe’s main duty was to ensure that he didn’t escape but also to provide supplies for Napoleon and his entourage. While they only met six times, their relationship is well documented as being tense and acrimonious. Their main point of contention was that Lowe refused to address Napoleon as Emperor of the French. However five years later Napoleon finally won Lowe over, and persuaded him to build a new Longwood House. However he died just before it was completed, after six years in exile on the island. After World War II the new Longwood House was demolished to make room for a dairy.
Today Longwood House is considered to be the most poignant and atmospheric of all the Napoleonic Museums, as it is preserved with its original furniture from 1821, complemented by over 900 artifacts. Thanks to the island’s Honorary French Consul, Michel Dancoisne-Martineau, with the support of the Fondation Napoleon and over 2000 donators, visitors to Longwood House can now also view an exact replica of the room where Napoleon died on 5th May 1821.
Michel is also overseeing the rebuild of the General’s Quarters at Longwood House, which are due to be completed in June 2014. The exterior of the General’s Quarters will be based on Doctor Ibbetson’s 1821 watercolour painting and will appear as seen at the time of Napoleon’s death. By contrast the interior will be modern and serve as a multi functional event space. A fireplace will be built in Regency style as a key feature within the room. The new General’s Quarters will also include two accommodation apartments. Michel is planning to host an official launch for the new General’s Quarters on 15th October 2015 to coincide with the date when Napoleon arrived on St Helena. Between 1985 and 2010, Michel was the only Frenchman on the island. However there are now two more Frenchmen – one currently working on the airport project and the other teaching French!
Napoleon was initially buried at the SaneValley, his second choice of burial site, until the French were given permission to have his corpse returned to France, nineteen years after his death. Napoleon’s remains are now buried in Les Invalides in Paris, however visitors to St Helena can visit his empty tomb, which is enclosed with a fence and surrounded by an abundance of flowers and pines.
The circumstances surrounding Napoleon’s death remain controversial. There is still speculation as to whether he was poisoned or simply died of boredom. There is also evidence from an autopsy to suggest that he had ulcers, which affected his liver and intestines.
Napoleon’s presence can still be felt today across the island. The Governor of St Helena’s official residence at Plantation House still retains one of Napoleon’s chandeliers, whilst one of the island’s small hotels, Farm Lodge, claims to have a chaise longue from Longwood House."
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. LTC Orlando Illi Lt Col Charlie Brown Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj William W. "Bill" Price CPT Jack Durish Capt Tom Brown MSG Andrew White SFC William Farrell SGT (Join to see) Sgt Albert Castro SSG David Andrews Sgt Randy Wilber Sgt John H. CPL Dave Hoover SGT Mark Halmrast SPC Margaret Higgins SrA Christopher Wright
Images: 1821 Napoleon’s original tomb in St Helena.; Napoleon’s bed at Longwood House; The Royal Mail ship approaching St Helena
"After his defeat in the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 -- 5 May 1821) died in St. Helena while in exile. Sten Forshufvud (a Swedish dentist and toxicologist) and Ben Weider (a Canadian Napoleon enthusiast) wrote a book titled "Assassination at St. Helena" (1978, Mitchell Press Limited, Vancouver, B.C., ISBN [login to see] ) and concluded that the French emperor died of deliberate chronic arsenic poisoning.
In 2002, investigation carried out by a team of French forensic experts overturned the aforesaid theory and suggested that Napoleon died of stomach cancer as the British alleged. This new study, commissioned by the magazine Science et Vie, focuses on strands of hair taken from Napoleon in 1805, 1814 and 1821. All were found to have abnormally high levels of arsenic. Researchers conclude that poisoning could not have been the cause of death. The arsenic came from contamination such as gunpowder, rat poison, wallpaper glue and most pertinently, hair ointment. Napoleon's death remains a mystery."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBH7jTTUf4o
"Background from historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Napoleons-Exile-on-St-Helena/
"Napoleon’s Exile on St Helena
by Lara Jacobs
Imagine Napoleon’s dismay when he realised he was not being banished to America as he anticipated, but to the remote island of St Helena in the mid-Atlantic instead. Located 1,200 miles from the nearest landmass off the west coast of Africa, St Helena was the ideal choice for Napeoleon’s exile… after all, the last thing the British wanted was a repeat of Elba!
Napoleon arrived in St Helena on 15th October 1815, after ten weeks at sea on board the HMS Northumberland.
William Balcombe, employee of the East India Company and one-time family friend of the French emperor, put Napoleon up at Briars Pavilion when he first arrived on the island. However a few months later in December 1815, the emperor was moved to nearby Longwood House, a property said to have been particularly cold, uninviting and infested with rats.
During Napoleon’s time on the island, Sir Hudson Lowe was appointed Governor of St Helena. Lowe’s main duty was to ensure that he didn’t escape but also to provide supplies for Napoleon and his entourage. While they only met six times, their relationship is well documented as being tense and acrimonious. Their main point of contention was that Lowe refused to address Napoleon as Emperor of the French. However five years later Napoleon finally won Lowe over, and persuaded him to build a new Longwood House. However he died just before it was completed, after six years in exile on the island. After World War II the new Longwood House was demolished to make room for a dairy.
Today Longwood House is considered to be the most poignant and atmospheric of all the Napoleonic Museums, as it is preserved with its original furniture from 1821, complemented by over 900 artifacts. Thanks to the island’s Honorary French Consul, Michel Dancoisne-Martineau, with the support of the Fondation Napoleon and over 2000 donators, visitors to Longwood House can now also view an exact replica of the room where Napoleon died on 5th May 1821.
Michel is also overseeing the rebuild of the General’s Quarters at Longwood House, which are due to be completed in June 2014. The exterior of the General’s Quarters will be based on Doctor Ibbetson’s 1821 watercolour painting and will appear as seen at the time of Napoleon’s death. By contrast the interior will be modern and serve as a multi functional event space. A fireplace will be built in Regency style as a key feature within the room. The new General’s Quarters will also include two accommodation apartments. Michel is planning to host an official launch for the new General’s Quarters on 15th October 2015 to coincide with the date when Napoleon arrived on St Helena. Between 1985 and 2010, Michel was the only Frenchman on the island. However there are now two more Frenchmen – one currently working on the airport project and the other teaching French!
Napoleon was initially buried at the SaneValley, his second choice of burial site, until the French were given permission to have his corpse returned to France, nineteen years after his death. Napoleon’s remains are now buried in Les Invalides in Paris, however visitors to St Helena can visit his empty tomb, which is enclosed with a fence and surrounded by an abundance of flowers and pines.
The circumstances surrounding Napoleon’s death remain controversial. There is still speculation as to whether he was poisoned or simply died of boredom. There is also evidence from an autopsy to suggest that he had ulcers, which affected his liver and intestines.
Napoleon’s presence can still be felt today across the island. The Governor of St Helena’s official residence at Plantation House still retains one of Napoleon’s chandeliers, whilst one of the island’s small hotels, Farm Lodge, claims to have a chaise longue from Longwood House."
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. LTC Orlando Illi Lt Col Charlie Brown Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj William W. "Bill" Price CPT Jack Durish Capt Tom Brown MSG Andrew White SFC William Farrell SGT (Join to see) Sgt Albert Castro SSG David Andrews Sgt Randy Wilber Sgt John H. CPL Dave Hoover SGT Mark Halmrast SPC Margaret Higgins SrA Christopher Wright
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Napoleon would have done well to quit before attacking Russia. He controlled a huge swatch of Europe and there would be a lot more French speakers today. Instead he went after Russia, a mistake the Nazis would also make and that was the beginning of the end.
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SGT Brian Nile SGT Robert George SFC Shirley Whitfield MSG Mark Million Christine C Cullinan COL Lee Flemming SFC George Smith SrA Christopher Wright LTC (Join to see) PO1 William "Chip" Nagel SSgt Harvey "Skip" Porter SCPO Morris Ramsey SFC William Farrell PO1 Tony Holland SGT (Join to see) Alan K. SPC Mike Lake SFC Anthony Beck LTC Greg Henning SSgt (Join to see)
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