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On July 20, 1822, Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk and geneticist (discoverer of laws of heredity), was born in Heinzendorf, Austria (d. 1884).
"Mendel was born into a German-speaking family in Hynčice (Heinzendorf bei Odrau in German), at the Moravian-Silesian border, Austrian Empire (now a part of the Czech Republic).[3] He was the son of Anton and Rosine (Schwirtlich) Mendel and had one older sister, Veronika, and one younger, Theresia. They lived and worked on a farm which had been owned by the Mendel family for at least 130 years[6] (the house where Mendel was born is now a museum devoted to Mendel[7]). During his childhood, Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping. As a young man, he attended gymnasium in Opava (called Troppau in German). He had to take four months off during his gymnasium studies due to illness. From 1840 to 1843, he studied practical and theoretical philosophy and physics at the Philosophical Institute of the University of Olomouc, taking another year off because of illness. He also struggled financially to pay for his studies, and Theresia gave him her dowry. Later he helped support her three sons, two of whom became doctors.
He became a friar in part because it enabled him to obtain an education without having to pay for it himself.[8] As the son of a struggling farmer, the monastic life, in his words, spared him the "perpetual anxiety about a means of livelihood."[9] He was given the name Gregor (Řehoř in Czech)[1] when he joined the Augustinian friars.[10]
When Mendel entered the Faculty of Philosophy, the Department of Natural History and Agriculture was headed by Johann Karl Nestler who conducted extensive research of hereditary traits of plants and animals, especially sheep. Upon recommendation of his physics teacher Friedrich Franz,[11] Mendel entered the Augustinian St Thomas's Abbey in Brno (called Brünn in German) and began his training as a priest. Born Johann Mendel, he took the name Gregor upon entering religious life. Mendel worked as a substitute high school teacher. In 1850, he failed the oral part, the last of three parts, of his exams to become a certified high school teacher. In 1851, he was sent to the University of Vienna to study under the sponsorship of Abbot C. F. Napp so that he could get more formal education.[12] At Vienna, his professor of physics was Christian Doppler.[13] Mendel returned to his abbey in 1853 as a teacher, principally of physics. In 1856, he took the exam to become a certified teacher and again failed the oral part.[12] In 1867, he replaced Napp as abbot of the monastery.[14]
After he was elevated as abbot in 1868, his scientific work largely ended, as Mendel became overburdened with administrative responsibilities, especially a dispute with the civil government over its attempt to impose special taxes on religious institutions.[15] Mendel died on 6 January 1884, at the age of 61, in Brno, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic), from chronic nephritis. Czech composer Leoš Janáček played the organ at his funeral. After his death, the succeeding abbot burned all papers in Mendel's collection, to mark an end to the disputes over taxation.[16] "
"Mendel was born into a German-speaking family in Hynčice (Heinzendorf bei Odrau in German), at the Moravian-Silesian border, Austrian Empire (now a part of the Czech Republic).[3] He was the son of Anton and Rosine (Schwirtlich) Mendel and had one older sister, Veronika, and one younger, Theresia. They lived and worked on a farm which had been owned by the Mendel family for at least 130 years[6] (the house where Mendel was born is now a museum devoted to Mendel[7]). During his childhood, Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping. As a young man, he attended gymnasium in Opava (called Troppau in German). He had to take four months off during his gymnasium studies due to illness. From 1840 to 1843, he studied practical and theoretical philosophy and physics at the Philosophical Institute of the University of Olomouc, taking another year off because of illness. He also struggled financially to pay for his studies, and Theresia gave him her dowry. Later he helped support her three sons, two of whom became doctors.
He became a friar in part because it enabled him to obtain an education without having to pay for it himself.[8] As the son of a struggling farmer, the monastic life, in his words, spared him the "perpetual anxiety about a means of livelihood."[9] He was given the name Gregor (Řehoř in Czech)[1] when he joined the Augustinian friars.[10]
When Mendel entered the Faculty of Philosophy, the Department of Natural History and Agriculture was headed by Johann Karl Nestler who conducted extensive research of hereditary traits of plants and animals, especially sheep. Upon recommendation of his physics teacher Friedrich Franz,[11] Mendel entered the Augustinian St Thomas's Abbey in Brno (called Brünn in German) and began his training as a priest. Born Johann Mendel, he took the name Gregor upon entering religious life. Mendel worked as a substitute high school teacher. In 1850, he failed the oral part, the last of three parts, of his exams to become a certified high school teacher. In 1851, he was sent to the University of Vienna to study under the sponsorship of Abbot C. F. Napp so that he could get more formal education.[12] At Vienna, his professor of physics was Christian Doppler.[13] Mendel returned to his abbey in 1853 as a teacher, principally of physics. In 1856, he took the exam to become a certified teacher and again failed the oral part.[12] In 1867, he replaced Napp as abbot of the monastery.[14]
After he was elevated as abbot in 1868, his scientific work largely ended, as Mendel became overburdened with administrative responsibilities, especially a dispute with the civil government over its attempt to impose special taxes on religious institutions.[15] Mendel died on 6 January 1884, at the age of 61, in Brno, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic), from chronic nephritis. Czech composer Leoš Janáček played the organ at his funeral. After his death, the succeeding abbot burned all papers in Mendel's collection, to mark an end to the disputes over taxation.[16] "
Gregor Mendel - Wikipedia
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Mendel's peas genetics - Experiments that changed the world.
Mendel's peas genetics - Experiments that changed the world.
Thank you my friend SGT (Join to see) for making us aware that July 20 is the anniversary of the birth of Austrian monk and geneticist Gregor Mendel who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden and he is considered the "father of modern genetics."
Image: Gregor Mendel summary; 1850s Gregor Mendel used pea plants in his experiments.jpg
Background from nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gregor-mendel-a-private-scientist-6618227
"The Father of Genetics. Like many great artists, the work of Gregor Mendel was not appreciated until after his death. He is now called the "Father of Genetics," but he was remembered as a gentle man who loved flowers and kept extensive records of weather and stars when he died. He was born on July 22, 1822, to a poor farming family who lived in a village in Northern Moravia, which is now part of the Czech Republic. His family valued education but had little resources to send him to school, so he struggled to pay for his education.
Mendel becomes a monk. His professor recommended Mendel to the Augustinian monks in Brunn (now Brno), who valued science, research, and education. His professor thought he would be a good candidate because of his talent in physics and mathematics. Even though Mendel had not planned to be a monk, he was admitted to the order on September 7, 1843.
Mendel was then able to continue his education at the University of Vienna where he found a talent for teaching, though interestingly he was twice unable to pass the teaching certificate examination. He was quiet and shy; he may have found the oral part of the examination too nerve-wracking. He was at home in the monastery's botanical garden where he spent many hours a day breeding fuchsias and pea plants.
Keeping the peas. Mendel did not set out to conduct the first well-controlled and brilliantly-designed experiments in genetics. His goal was to create hybrid pea plants and observe the outcome. His observations led to more experiments, which led to unusually prescient conclusions. By simply counting peas and keeping meticulous notes, Mendel established the principles of inheritance, coined the terms dominant and recessive, and was the first to use statistical methods to analyze and predict hereditary information. For eight years, Mendel cultivated thousands of pea plants and used a paintbrush to painstakingly transfer pollen from one plant to another to make his crosses (all the while still attending to his duties as a monk and a teacher).
Mendel's brilliance is unrecognized. On February 8, 1865, Mendel presented his work to the Brunn Society for Natural Science. His paper, "Experiments on Plant Hybridization," was published the next year. While his work was appreciated for its thoroughness, no one seemed to grasp its importance. The work was simply too ahead of its time, too contrary to popular beliefs about heredity. "My time will come," Mendel once said, but it was over 30 years before his work was appreciated.
After the peas. In the years following the publication of his work, Mendel continued his interest in science: he attempted cross-breeding experiments with hawkweed and bees and became a meticulous record keeper of meteorological and astronomical data. He was elected abbot of his parish in 1868 and became a political activist in his later years, during which time he protested the taxation of his parish. At age 61, he died of kidney failure."
Mendel's peas genetics - Experiments that changed the world.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NvESo3mG90
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. Maj William W. "Bill" Price Capt Seid Waddell CW5 (Join to see) SMSgt Minister Gerald A. Thomas SFC Joe S. Davis Jr., MSM, DSL SSgt (Join to see) SP5 Mark Kuzinski SGT John " Mac " McConnell SGT Robert George SP5 Robert Ruck SCPO Morris RamseyCPL Eric Escasio SPC (Join to see) SPC Margaret Higgins Kim Bolen RN CCM ACM SGT Gregory Lawritson
Image: Gregor Mendel summary; 1850s Gregor Mendel used pea plants in his experiments.jpg
Background from nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gregor-mendel-a-private-scientist-6618227
"The Father of Genetics. Like many great artists, the work of Gregor Mendel was not appreciated until after his death. He is now called the "Father of Genetics," but he was remembered as a gentle man who loved flowers and kept extensive records of weather and stars when he died. He was born on July 22, 1822, to a poor farming family who lived in a village in Northern Moravia, which is now part of the Czech Republic. His family valued education but had little resources to send him to school, so he struggled to pay for his education.
Mendel becomes a monk. His professor recommended Mendel to the Augustinian monks in Brunn (now Brno), who valued science, research, and education. His professor thought he would be a good candidate because of his talent in physics and mathematics. Even though Mendel had not planned to be a monk, he was admitted to the order on September 7, 1843.
Mendel was then able to continue his education at the University of Vienna where he found a talent for teaching, though interestingly he was twice unable to pass the teaching certificate examination. He was quiet and shy; he may have found the oral part of the examination too nerve-wracking. He was at home in the monastery's botanical garden where he spent many hours a day breeding fuchsias and pea plants.
Keeping the peas. Mendel did not set out to conduct the first well-controlled and brilliantly-designed experiments in genetics. His goal was to create hybrid pea plants and observe the outcome. His observations led to more experiments, which led to unusually prescient conclusions. By simply counting peas and keeping meticulous notes, Mendel established the principles of inheritance, coined the terms dominant and recessive, and was the first to use statistical methods to analyze and predict hereditary information. For eight years, Mendel cultivated thousands of pea plants and used a paintbrush to painstakingly transfer pollen from one plant to another to make his crosses (all the while still attending to his duties as a monk and a teacher).
Mendel's brilliance is unrecognized. On February 8, 1865, Mendel presented his work to the Brunn Society for Natural Science. His paper, "Experiments on Plant Hybridization," was published the next year. While his work was appreciated for its thoroughness, no one seemed to grasp its importance. The work was simply too ahead of its time, too contrary to popular beliefs about heredity. "My time will come," Mendel once said, but it was over 30 years before his work was appreciated.
After the peas. In the years following the publication of his work, Mendel continued his interest in science: he attempted cross-breeding experiments with hawkweed and bees and became a meticulous record keeper of meteorological and astronomical data. He was elected abbot of his parish in 1868 and became a political activist in his later years, during which time he protested the taxation of his parish. At age 61, he died of kidney failure."
Mendel's peas genetics - Experiments that changed the world.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NvESo3mG90
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. Maj William W. "Bill" Price Capt Seid Waddell CW5 (Join to see) SMSgt Minister Gerald A. Thomas SFC Joe S. Davis Jr., MSM, DSL SSgt (Join to see) SP5 Mark Kuzinski SGT John " Mac " McConnell SGT Robert George SP5 Robert Ruck SCPO Morris RamseyCPL Eric Escasio SPC (Join to see) SPC Margaret Higgins Kim Bolen RN CCM ACM SGT Gregory Lawritson
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My father had brown eyes even though his father had blue eyes and his mother had hazel. My mother had hazel eyes, but her parents had blue eyes and brown hazel eyes now the interesting part. I have blue eyes as does my closest sister my brother has hazel eyes. Now comes the weird part. My youngest sister has one brown eye and one blue eye. Receives out in our family. My cousins on my dad's side have more brown eyes than any other!
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Reading about Mendel ignited by interest in genetics when I was in 7th grade
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