What were the primary issues in the Presidential elections of 1852, 1856, and 1860?

LTC Stephen F. — Sun, 30 Oct 2022 22:39:37 -0400

What were the primary issues in the Presidential elections of 1852, 1856, and 1860?
1. From 1848 through 1856 through 1856 the rightness of slavery was never debated in the Presidential elections and primaries. Exception, the fledgling Republican Party advocated the abolition of slavery in 1856 yet it never included abolition in the party platform of 1856.
2. Women were not allowed to vote in any state or territory, by 1860 African Americans could vote in the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire allowed to vote in 1860. In Virginia, only white men 21 years or older of sound mind, who were not a pauper or a military soldier.
3. In 1856 the democrat party platform included “the tariff, internal improvements, banking, and the currency”
4. Native Americans owned slaves as well as citizens from Maryland and other southern states 1860.
5. By 1860 the suffragette movement was a national movement in the United Kingdom, advocating the right for women to vote, own property, and other basic rights.
6. In the USA, in 1848, the first women's rights convention in the United States is held in Seneca Falls, New York. Many participants sign a "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" that outlines the main issues and goals for the emerging women's movement. Thereafter, women's rights meetings are held on a regular basis.

What were the primary issues in the Presidential elections of 1852 through 1864

What were the primary issues in the Presidential elections of 1852 through 1864
1. Rights of the states and territories
2. Construction of the transcontinental railroad,
3. Preservation of the Union
4. Expansion of slavery into the territories
5. All of the above, a combination of the above or other.

Images:
1. Candidates in the Presidential Election of 1860
2. Election of 1856
3. 1852 electoral map A Clear Victor -Blue for Pierce, Orange for Scott, and Brown represents the territories that did not participate
4. 1848 Women’s Suffrage Convention in Seneca Falls, New York.
1. Election of 1852; The rightness of slavery was never debated. By 1850, all the southern territories were in lands that didn't require slaves, and the people who had moved to them weren't interested in slavery. Winfield Scott was nominated which left the Whig party divided since southern Whigs wanted Millard Fillmore. The Democrat party started its caucuses with four candidates who were focused on everything from the rightness of the Compromise of 1850 to Railroad Expansion. War hero Franklin Pierce was introduced in the New Hampshire primary. Franklin Pierce was elected
2. Election of 1856. The Democrats nominated James Buchanan for President and, predictably, devised a platform that included, “the standard party dogma on the tariff, internal improvements, banking, and the currency.” Additionally, their platform supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The Republican Party gained a national foothold as the Whig Party’s influence waned. With the 1856 Presidential election the nation gained an openly abolitionist-based political party, although the Republican Party did not call for an absolute abolition of slavery.
3. Election of 1860: Political debate covered:
a. The principal issue was the clash of slavery and its expansion.
b. The preservation of the Union.
c. The rights of States.
d. The construction of a transcontinental railroad.
e. Extravagance in the government.
f. The rights of immigrants.
4. Women’s suffrage in the 1840’s
1840 June 12-23: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and other women are excluded from the 1840 World Antislavery Congress in London. Permitted to attend as spectators, they are not allowed to take part. In response, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott resolve to “form a society to advocate the rights of women.”
1846 June 1 through October 9: A New York State Constitutional Convention is held. Six property-owning women from the state petition the Convention, demanding “equal, and civil and political rights” enjoyed by white men in the state. Their demands are denied.
1848 July 19-20: A Women’s Rights Convention is held in Seneca Falls, New York. Three hundred attend the convention organized in part by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Frederick Douglass is one of those present. One hundred of the attendees sign the Declaration of Sentiments, which includes a call for women’s access to the vote.
1849 A Michigan Senate committee proposes that the state adopt universal suffrage. The proposal dies in committee because woman suffrage is viewed as “unusual” and “needless.”
MOOC | The Election of 1856 | The Civil War and Reconstruction, 1850-1861 | 1.6.7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3riDCB04W8g

FYI Maj William W. 'Bill' Price LTC Trent Klug COL Lisandro Murphy LTC Private RallyPoint Member SGT Jim Arnold PO3 Edward Riddle 1stSgt Eugene Harless LTC Private RallyPoint Member [‘~108822:LTC John Mohor] Capt Rich Buckley CPT Jack Durish CPT Private RallyPoint Member CPT Richard Trione CPT Paul Whitmer Capt Sabrena Goldman Capt Jeff S. CH (CPT) Private RallyPoint Member CPT Private RallyPoint Member 1st Lt Padre Dave Poedel CW5 Private RallyPoint Member

MOOC | The Election of 1856 | The Civil War and Reconstruction, 1850-1861 | 1.6.7

Discover how the issue of slavery came to dominate American politics, and how political leaders struggled and failed to resolve the growing crisis in the nat...

Response by LTC Trent Klug made Oct 30 at 2022 10:49 PM

LTC Trent Klug — Sun, 30 Oct 2022 22:49:40 -0400

LTC Stephen Ford. Thank you for this.

Response by LTC Stephen F. made Oct 31 at 2022 12:14 AM

LTC Stephen F. — Mon, 31 Oct 2022 00:14:41 -0400

Each of these issues were significant to the voters in the Federal elections of 1848 through 1860. Of course only white males over 21 could vote in elections in the USA. Exception the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire allowed African Americans to vote in 1860
Images:
1. The Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln of Illinois for President and Hannibal Hamlin of Maine for Vice President
2. 1856 Democratic Presidential Campaign Poster
3. 1856 Republican Presidential Campaign Poster
4. 1860 Electoral votes needed to win
Background on election of 1852 from {[study.com/academy/lesson/the-presidential-election-of-1852.html]}
The Presidential Election of 1852 was no different. The most important act during Millard Fillmore's presidency had been the Compromise of 1850, which was actually series of five compromises. They were the admission of California as a free state, that the Utah and New Mexico territories would be able to decide if they would be slave or free states, that Texas needed to give up its claims on northern territories, that there would be no slave trade in Washington D.C., and that there would be a stronger fugitive slave law. On paper, it looked like the admission of California as a free state was the only item where the northerners had won, and so most northerners blamed Fillmore for allowing slavery to spread. In practice, though, allowing the southern states to decide whether they would allow slavery or not did not work against the north. By 1850, all the southern territories were in lands that didn't require slaves, and the people who had moved to them weren't interested in slavery. In practice, though, allowing the southern states to decide whether they would allow slavery or not did not work against the north. By 1850, all the southern territories were in lands that didn't require slaves, and the people who had moved to them weren't interested in slavery.
Whigs and Democrats
The Compromise of 1850 mainly affected the party known as the Whigs. Northerners blamed Millard Fillmore for the Compromise of 1850, and refused to nominate him for a second term. Instead, they wanted Mexican War hero Winfield Scott. The southerners wanted to keep Millard Fillmore. Winfield Scott was nominated which left the Whig party divided.
The Democrat party started its caucuses with four candidates who were focused on everything from the rightness of the Compromise of 1850 to Railroad Expansion. War hero Franklin Pierce was introduced in the New Hampshire primary. Franklin Pierce was elected

Background on election of 1856 from {[cwnc.omeka.chass.ncsu.edu/exhibits/show/benjamin-hedrick/1856election]}
The year 1856 proved to be special as the newly formed Republican Party joined the political stage in response to the events surrounding the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act. As the Republican Party gained a national foothold, the Whig Party’s influence waned. With the 1856 Presidential election the nation gained an openly abolitionist-based political party, although the Republican Party did not call for an absolute abolition of slavery. Republicans opposed slavery’s expansion into the western territories. Republican Party members, comprised largely of former Whigs and Democrats, claimed in their June 18, 1856 party platform,
his Convention of Delegates, assembled in pursuance of a call addressed to the people of the United States, without regard to past political differences or divisions, who are opposed to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise; to the policy of the present Administration; to the extension of Slavery into Free Territory; in favor of the admission of Kansas as a Free State; of restoring the action of the Federal Government to the principles of Washington and Jefferson; and for the purpose of presenting candidates for the offices of President and Vice-President
The Republicans nominated John C. Fremont, a popular figure who gained his fame through his explorations through the far West. (Item #631) Popular culture of the period emphasized Fremont’s notoriety as an explorer and claimed that this made him the right man to be President of the United States. In the nineteenth century, political arena music and songs were a popular method for reaching wider, often illiterate, audiences. A popular song. “Fremont and Victory: A Rallying Song--Tune of Marseilles Hymn,” exclaimed, The Republicans nominated John C. Fremont, a popular figure who gained his fame through his explorations through the far West. (Item #631) Popular culture of the period emphasized Fremont’s notoriety as an explorer and claimed that this made him the right man to be President of the United States. In the nineteenth century, political arena music and songs were a popular method for reaching wider, often illiterate, audiences. A popular song. “Fremont and Victory: A Rallying Song--Tune of Marseilles Hymn,” exclaimed,
Around our glorious chieftain rally,
For Kansas and for liberty!
Let him who first her wilds exploring,
Her virgin beauty gave to fame,
Now save her from the curse and shame
Which slavery o'er her soil is pouring.

Our standard bearer then,
The brave path finder be!
FREE SPEECH, FREE PRESS, FREE SOIL, FREE MEN,
FRE-MONT AND LIBERTY. (Item #633)

The Democrats nominated James Buchanan for President and, predictably, devised a platform that included, “the standard party dogma on the tariff, internal improvements, banking, and the currency.” (Item #632; Niven 1990, 98) Additionally, their platform supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act and argued that,
That Congress has no power under the Constitution, to interfere with or control the domestic institutions of the several States, and that such States are the sole and proper judges of everything appertaining to their own affairs, not prohibited by the Constitution; that all efforts of the abolitionists, or others, made to induce Congress to interfere with questions of slavery, or to take incipient steps in relation thereto, are calculated to lead to the most alarming and dangerous consequences; and that all such efforts have an inevitable tendency to diminish the happiness of the people and endanger the stability and permanency of the Union, and ought not to be countenanced by any friend of our political institutions. (Item # 286)
The Democrats became the pro-slavery party of the South, while the abolitionist Republican Party came to represent the political tendencies of the majority of citizens in the North. This fact can be observed in the way the two regions voted in the 1856 presidential election. The margin of victory for the Democrats was quite narrow and “Buchanan received only a plurality of the votes cast…Obviously threats of secession from southern states if Fremont were elected had frightened a considerable number of conservative northern voters.” (Niven 1990, 98) The Republicans won eleven of the sixteen Free States, while in the five that went Democratic, Fremont lost by only a narrow margin. Buchanan only won the election because his electoral vote in the South was larger than Fremont’s in the North. (Item #630) The election of 1856 signaled the end of an era, going forward, “sectional loyalties rather than party ties would determine the fate of the Union.” (Niven 1990, 99)

Background on the election of 1860 from {[
The Issues and the Candidates
The issues on the minds of Americans in 1860 were varied, with some still in the political arena today. Political debate covered:
• The preservation of the Union.
• The rights of States.
• The construction of a transcontinental railroad.
• Extravagance in the government.
• The rights of immigrants.
The principal issue was the clash of slavery and its expansion. For the voters of 1860 this was not merely an issue of human rights. The economic system based on slave grown cotton not only controlled the south but the entire United States, and reached across the ocean as well. For four million enslaved Americans who could not share their voice by the vote, the outcome of this issue and the election meant hope for a life of freedom.
The Candidates
The race for president started out on uneven footing with major candidates from four parties vying for the win. The Democratic Party had split in two after the southern delegates walked out of the convention and chose their own candidate. Many southerners were not happy with either the Republican or Democratic Parties so they formed the Constitutional Union Party, which was based entirely on the words of the constitution.
The Voters and the Polls
In 1860 the population of the United States was around 31.5 million. Approximately half of that number met the age requirement to vote but women and, in most states, minorities were excluded. Around 6.9 million, or just fewer than 45% of the age eligible population, had the option to represent the nation at the polls. On November 6, 1860, 81% of eligible voters, compared with 57.5% in 2012, cast their ballot for President of the United States of America.
There was not yet a national standard for voting qualifications and requirements varied by state. In the state of Virginia, you could only vote if you were:
• White
• Male
• 21 or older
• Not Disabled
• Of Sound Mind
• Not in the Military
• Not a pauper (living on public charity)
The states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire allowed African Americans to vote in 1860.
Upheaval at the 1860 Democratic Convention: What Happened When a Party Splits | Retro Report
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZnFcT2MvZs
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Upheaval at the 1860 Democratic Convention: What Happened When a Party Splits | Retro Report

Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 and his subsequent assault on slavery might not have happened had the Democratic Party not been in such disarray. Lesson ...

Response by Maj Kim Patterson made May 16 at 2023 12:56 AM

Maj Kim Patterson — Tue, 16 May 2023 00:56:12 -0400

Thanks for keeping history alive