How do you create value and how do you solve problems?

You create value by showing someone that the success of the mission affects them personally or reflects back on them professionally, in order to get them invested. You solve problems by using the OODA(Observe Orient Decide Act) loop then delegating. Isolate.Simplify.Complete. But be careful with these questions chief, the Officers are about to come running with the powerpoints and acronyms lmao. jk jk

I try to reframe 'problem' as 'challenge',

You can accomplish that by Leading by example. Employees will follow great leader if they show good leadership, just like in the military. Don't ask your employees to do something that your and not able to do yourself.